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unification of italy > Booklet 3 - Garibaldi And The Unification Of Southern Italy ( 1860-61 ) > Flashcards

Booklet 3 - Garibaldi And The Unification Of Southern Italy ( 1860-61 ) Flashcards

1
Q

Which area of Italy was Garibaldi born?

A

Nice

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2
Q

Where did Garibaldi learn guerrilla warfare?

A

Argentina vs Uruguay

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3
Q

How did Garibaldi meet in 1831 in Marseille?

A

Mazzini , as he was exiled from Italy

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4
Q

What was the result of Garibaldi’s meeting with Mazzini?

A

Joined Young Italy in 1833, but forced to flee to South America due to being sentenced to death in Italy ( failure of the movement )

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5
Q

What was Garibaldi’s role in the 1849 revolutions?

A

Arrived to defend the Roman republic against the French

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6
Q

Where and how did Garibaldi manage to escape to in 1849, due to the realisation the republic was about to be defeated?

A

Took 5000 men on a March to the coast - after 800km , only 1500 survived, escaped to Genoa

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7
Q

Who significant died on Garibaldi’s March out of Rome in 1849?

A

His wife Anita

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8
Q

How were the 1849 revolutions significant in gaining Garibaldi a reputation?

A

Managed to gain reputation with nationalists as defended Roman republic

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9
Q

What was Garibaldi’ role in the 1859 second war of independence?

A

Used his guerrilla warfare tactics to drive Austrians north , with an army of 3000 men

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10
Q

Where did Garibaldi set sail to in May 1860 from Piedmont ?

A

Sicily , had 1200 volunteers

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11
Q

Why did Garibaldi consider himself a nationalist?

A

Though of himself as Italian, influenced by nationalist in Young Italy alsom

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12
Q

Who urged Garibaldi to come and support an uprising in Sicily?

A

Mazzini

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13
Q

Where was Garibaldi initially heading to before Sicily?

A

Nice, to help regain his hometown to Italy

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14
Q

Why did Cavour try to stop Garibaldi heading to Sicily?

A

He was against a north-south unification , didn’t want the economic issues that came with the south

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15
Q

What were Garibaldi’s volunteers in this campaign called?

A

The Thousand

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16
Q

What occurred when the Thousand arrived in Palermo in 1860?

A

Faced 2000 enemy troops but defeated them

17
Q

What did Garibaldi do to gain control of Sicily?

A

Suppressed peasant revolts to gain the support of landlords

18
Q

Why did Garibaldi want to mobilise Sicily and gain control?

A

He wanted to launch an attack on mainland Italy

19
Q

Why was Cavour getting increasingly worried about Garibaldi?

A

He feared Garibaldi was getting too popular - wouldn’t listen to V.Emmanuel ( refused to give him Sicily ) and may potentially try and lead an army against Piedmont to get a full republic ( influenced by Mazzini )

20
Q

What did Cavour do to try and keep Garibaldi in Sicily?

A

Arrange a revolution in Naples in favour of V. Emmanuel Sent ships to block Garibaldi’s access to mainland Italy ( straight of messina ) - but Garibaldi was too quick ( both failed )

21
Q

How did Garibaldi gain his way to Naples?

A

Through fighting - amassed an army of 60,000 after taking Naples

22
Q

What occurred in Naples to allow Garibaldi to gain influence in the south?

A

The King of Naples fled, Garibaldi arrived in early September and ruled as a dictator for 2 months

23
Q

What did Garibaldi want to do which caused issues for V.Emmanuel and Cavour?

A

Wanted to March on and take Papal States and Rome with new 60,000 strong army, but Piedmont feared French intervention if Rome was attacked

24
Q

How did V.Emmanuel respond to Garibaldi’s interests in taking the Papal States and Rome?

A

He led a Piedmontese army south to meet Garibaldi in a Neapolitan area, stop him ever reaching Rome

25
Q

What did Garibaldi do on the 26th October which was a major step for Italian unification?

A

He handed south of Italy over to Victor Emmanuel

26
Q

What did Garibaldi regard V. Emmanuel as when he met him in Naples in 1860?

A

The first king of Italy

27
Q

How did Cavour justify the annexation of the south of Italy to Piedmont?

A

Plebiscites

28
Q

What were the economic/social issues with Garibaldi’s campaign?

A

Garibaldi forced the inclusion of a backwards region ( South ) into Italy and Garibaldi promised land reforms to peasants in the south that never happened

29
Q

What issues did Garibaldi cause with the Pope in 1861?

A

Garibaldi forced Piedmont to occupy the Papal States to stop him marching on - meant the Pope didn’t recognise the new Kingdom of Italy

30
Q

Why was it surprising that Garibaldi offered his services to Charles Albert in 1848?

A

Garibaldi was a republican

31
Q

What did ‘Rome or Death’ mean?

A

Garibaldi’s commitment to take Rome for Italy

32
Q

What was missing from Italian unification in 1861?

A

Rome and Venetia

33
Q

Who were the Garibaldini?

A

Garibaldi’s red shirt volunteer army

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