Booklet 3 - Garibaldi And The Unification Of Southern Italy ( 1860-61 ) Flashcards
Which area of Italy was Garibaldi born?
Nice
Where did Garibaldi learn guerrilla warfare?
Argentina vs Uruguay
How did Garibaldi meet in 1831 in Marseille?
Mazzini , as he was exiled from Italy
What was the result of Garibaldi’s meeting with Mazzini?
Joined Young Italy in 1833, but forced to flee to South America due to being sentenced to death in Italy ( failure of the movement )
What was Garibaldi’s role in the 1849 revolutions?
Arrived to defend the Roman republic against the French
Where and how did Garibaldi manage to escape to in 1849, due to the realisation the republic was about to be defeated?
Took 5000 men on a March to the coast - after 800km , only 1500 survived, escaped to Genoa
Who significant died on Garibaldi’s March out of Rome in 1849?
His wife Anita
How were the 1849 revolutions significant in gaining Garibaldi a reputation?
Managed to gain reputation with nationalists as defended Roman republic
What was Garibaldi’ role in the 1859 second war of independence?
Used his guerrilla warfare tactics to drive Austrians north , with an army of 3000 men
Where did Garibaldi set sail to in May 1860 from Piedmont ?
Sicily , had 1200 volunteers
Why did Garibaldi consider himself a nationalist?
Though of himself as Italian, influenced by nationalist in Young Italy alsom
Who urged Garibaldi to come and support an uprising in Sicily?
Mazzini
Where was Garibaldi initially heading to before Sicily?
Nice, to help regain his hometown to Italy
Why did Cavour try to stop Garibaldi heading to Sicily?
He was against a north-south unification , didn’t want the economic issues that came with the south
What were Garibaldi’s volunteers in this campaign called?
The Thousand
What occurred when the Thousand arrived in Palermo in 1860?
Faced 2000 enemy troops but defeated them
What did Garibaldi do to gain control of Sicily?
Suppressed peasant revolts to gain the support of landlords
Why did Garibaldi want to mobilise Sicily and gain control?
He wanted to launch an attack on mainland Italy
Why was Cavour getting increasingly worried about Garibaldi?
He feared Garibaldi was getting too popular - wouldn’t listen to V.Emmanuel ( refused to give him Sicily ) and may potentially try and lead an army against Piedmont to get a full republic ( influenced by Mazzini )
What did Cavour do to try and keep Garibaldi in Sicily?
Arrange a revolution in Naples in favour of V. Emmanuel Sent ships to block Garibaldi’s access to mainland Italy ( straight of messina ) - but Garibaldi was too quick ( both failed )
How did Garibaldi gain his way to Naples?
Through fighting - amassed an army of 60,000 after taking Naples
What occurred in Naples to allow Garibaldi to gain influence in the south?
The King of Naples fled, Garibaldi arrived in early September and ruled as a dictator for 2 months
What did Garibaldi want to do which caused issues for V.Emmanuel and Cavour?
Wanted to March on and take Papal States and Rome with new 60,000 strong army, but Piedmont feared French intervention if Rome was attacked
How did V.Emmanuel respond to Garibaldi’s interests in taking the Papal States and Rome?
He led a Piedmontese army south to meet Garibaldi in a Neapolitan area, stop him ever reaching Rome
What did Garibaldi do on the 26th October which was a major step for Italian unification?
He handed south of Italy over to Victor Emmanuel
What did Garibaldi regard V. Emmanuel as when he met him in Naples in 1860?
The first king of Italy
How did Cavour justify the annexation of the south of Italy to Piedmont?
Plebiscites
What were the economic/social issues with Garibaldi’s campaign?
Garibaldi forced the inclusion of a backwards region ( South ) into Italy and Garibaldi promised land reforms to peasants in the south that never happened
What issues did Garibaldi cause with the Pope in 1861?
Garibaldi forced Piedmont to occupy the Papal States to stop him marching on - meant the Pope didn’t recognise the new Kingdom of Italy
Why was it surprising that Garibaldi offered his services to Charles Albert in 1848?
Garibaldi was a republican
What did ‘Rome or Death’ mean?
Garibaldi’s commitment to take Rome for Italy
What was missing from Italian unification in 1861?
Rome and Venetia
Who were the Garibaldini?
Garibaldi’s red shirt volunteer army
