Booklet 4 - Full Unification ( Venetia And Rome ) By 1870

Question 1

Why did Piedmont need Venetia?

Answer 1

Access to resources and materials

Question 2

What factors were stopping Italy from taking Venetia after 1861?

Answer 2

Austrian occupation, had issues with Rome

Question 3

What did Garibaldi help to form in 1861?

Answer 3

Italian Freedom Association

Question 4

What did Garibaldi do in 1862 to raise money for Venice?

Answer 4

Toured Lombardy

Question 5

Why could Garibaldi’s attempts to take Venice be seen as a win-win situation for Piedmont?

Answer 5

If Garibaldi took Venice he’d hand control over to Piedmont, however if he failed he could be blamed

Question 6

Wha was the significance of the Holstein affair in 1866?

Answer 6

Italy and Prussia now saw Austria as a common enemy - weakens Austrian military power relatively

Question 7

Why was Victor Emmanuel keen for a war against Austria?

Answer 7

Could distract Italians from issues in the south

Question 8

What did PM La Mamora offer Austria for Venetia?

Answer 8

Payment of 1000 million lire

Question 9

What was the significance of the 1866 Berlin Agreement?

Answer 9

Italy would receive Venetia for her war contribution against Austria

Question 10

How many men did Italy have to fight against the Austrians in Venetia ?

Answer 10

250,000 men - Austria only had 130,000

Question 11

What is an example of poor Italian leadership in the war, and why?

Answer 11

Only 25% of troops reached the frontline, many generals only got power through corruption

Question 12

Which battle can be seen to have shattered national pride due to failure?

Answer 12

Battle of Cuztozza

Question 13

How was Garibaldi able to gain some sort of national respect for Italy?

Answer 13

Wok at the Battle of Bezecca

Question 14

What armistice did Austria sign on 26th July 1866?

Answer 14

Treaty of Vienna

Question 15

What negative impact did the 1866 war have on Italy?

Answer 15

Damaged their reputation as their military efforts failed massively - Venetia was only gained through foreign victory + increased foreign debt

Question 16

Why were Italy lucky to even gain Venetia in 1866?

Answer 16

Austria in Italy gave France Venetia as a result of a secret treaty to maintain French neutralism throughout the war

Question 17

How did Italy justify the annexation of Venetia?

Answer 17

Plebiscites - 674,246 votes to 69

Question 18

What was the importance of Rome for Italian unification?

Answer 18

Last piece of full unification, removed French from inside Italy, reduced Pope’s influence, nationalists happy

Question 19

Why were French troops stationed in Rome until 1870?

Answer 19

Napoleon’s failure to protect the Pope in 1860 caused Catholic backlash in France - agreed to keep troops in Rome after 1861 vote in French Chamber of Deputies

Question 20

In what years did Garibaldi attempt to take Rome again?

Answer 20

1862 and 1867

Question 21

What were the positive and negative impacts of Garibaldi’s persistent failures to take Rome?

Answer 21

Kept the idea of Rome alive, BUT kept French troops in Rome until 1870

Question 22

What occurred in the 1864 September Convention?

Answer 22

French troops agreed to leave Rome in 2 years if Pope could raise personal army of 10,000 and capita, moved to Florence

Question 23

Why did French troops return in 1867 after leaving in 1866?

Answer 23

Garibaldi attempted to take Rome again, couldn’t guarantee the Pope’s safety

Question 24

How were Italy able to negotiate with Napoleon for Rome?

Answer 24

Napoleon wanted an Anti-Prussian alliance with Austria and Italy, but Italy failed to agree unless they got Rome

Question 25

What did significant impact did PM Lanza do during the Franco-Prussian war?

Answer 25

Gained an agreement with Catholic states to send Italian troops into Rome without them interfering

Question 26

What did V.Emanuel initially offer the Pope?

Answer 26

Peaceful entry into Rome - the Pope called them vipers

Question 27

What date did Italian troops start entering Rome?

Answer 27

September 20th 1870

Question 28

How many deaths occurred due to Italian entrance into Rome?

Answer 28

49 Italian soldiers and 4 officers, 19 papal troops died

Question 29

How did Italy finally justify the annexation of Rome?

Answer 29

Plebiscites ( 133,681 votes to 1507 )

Question 30

What was the pope given in 1870?

Answer 30

The Vatican

Question 31

When did Italy get Venetia?

Answer 31

1866