Booklet 4 - Full Unification ( Venetia And Rome ) By 1870 Flashcards
Why did Piedmont need Venetia?
Access to resources and materials
What factors were stopping Italy from taking Venetia after 1861?
Austrian occupation, had issues with Rome
What did Garibaldi help to form in 1861?
Italian Freedom Association
What did Garibaldi do in 1862 to raise money for Venice?
Toured Lombardy
Why could Garibaldi’s attempts to take Venice be seen as a win-win situation for Piedmont?
If Garibaldi took Venice he’d hand control over to Piedmont, however if he failed he could be blamed
Wha was the significance of the Holstein affair in 1866?
Italy and Prussia now saw Austria as a common enemy - weakens Austrian military power relatively
Why was Victor Emmanuel keen for a war against Austria?
Could distract Italians from issues in the south
What did PM La Mamora offer Austria for Venetia?
Payment of 1000 million lire
What was the significance of the 1866 Berlin Agreement?
Italy would receive Venetia for her war contribution against Austria
How many men did Italy have to fight against the Austrians in Venetia ?
250,000 men - Austria only had 130,000
What is an example of poor Italian leadership in the war, and why?
Only 25% of troops reached the frontline, many generals only got power through corruption
Which battle can be seen to have shattered national pride due to failure?
Battle of Cuztozza
How was Garibaldi able to gain some sort of national respect for Italy?
Wok at the Battle of Bezecca
What armistice did Austria sign on 26th July 1866?
Treaty of Vienna
What negative impact did the 1866 war have on Italy?
Damaged their reputation as their military efforts failed massively - Venetia was only gained through foreign victory + increased foreign debt
Why were Italy lucky to even gain Venetia in 1866?
Austria in Italy gave France Venetia as a result of a secret treaty to maintain French neutralism throughout the war
How did Italy justify the annexation of Venetia?
Plebiscites - 674,246 votes to 69
What was the importance of Rome for Italian unification?
Last piece of full unification, removed French from inside Italy, reduced Pope’s influence, nationalists happy
Why were French troops stationed in Rome until 1870?
Napoleon’s failure to protect the Pope in 1860 caused Catholic backlash in France - agreed to keep troops in Rome after 1861 vote in French Chamber of Deputies
In what years did Garibaldi attempt to take Rome again?
1862 and 1867
What were the positive and negative impacts of Garibaldi’s persistent failures to take Rome?
Kept the idea of Rome alive, BUT kept French troops in Rome until 1870
What occurred in the 1864 September Convention?
French troops agreed to leave Rome in 2 years if Pope could raise personal army of 10,000 and capita, moved to Florence
Why did French troops return in 1867 after leaving in 1866?
Garibaldi attempted to take Rome again, couldn’t guarantee the Pope’s safety
How were Italy able to negotiate with Napoleon for Rome?
Napoleon wanted an Anti-Prussian alliance with Austria and Italy, but Italy failed to agree unless they got Rome
What did significant impact did PM Lanza do during the Franco-Prussian war?
Gained an agreement with Catholic states to send Italian troops into Rome without them interfering
What did V.Emanuel initially offer the Pope?
Peaceful entry into Rome - the Pope called them vipers
What date did Italian troops start entering Rome?
September 20th 1870
How many deaths occurred due to Italian entrance into Rome?
49 Italian soldiers and 4 officers, 19 papal troops died
How did Italy finally justify the annexation of Rome?
Plebiscites ( 133,681 votes to 1507 )
What was the pope given in 1870?
The Vatican
When did Italy get Venetia?
1866
