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History (NEW) > Booklet 2 Medicine > Flashcards

Booklet 2 Medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

Where did most of the medieval era’s medical knowledge come from?

A

-Ancient Romans and Greeks

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2
Q

What did Galen create?

A
  • Theory of opposites

- idea that the best way to rebalance humours and cure illness was by causing opposites symptoms to occur

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3
Q

What were medical ideas in the Middle Ages?

A
  • Four humours
  • Christianity
  • Alchemy
  • Astrology
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4
Q

How did people in the Middle ages believe Alchemy would treat illness?

A

-they believed base metals could be turned into drugs and potions to treat illness

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5
Q

How did people repent to God?

A

-praying, going to church and flagellation

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6
Q

How did the Renaissance period (MEDIEVAL) influence medical knowledge?

A
  • Printing
  • Art
  • Dissection
  • Other (voyages like Christopher Columbus bringing back several new herbs and plants that were used in medicine)
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7
Q

When and how was the ultrasound developed?

A
  • After the Second World War
  • used sound waves
  • no radiation
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8
Q

How are MRI scanner used?

A
  • radio waves and powerful magnets

- used to diagnose disease and injuries within the brain, nerves muscles and internal organs

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9
Q

When was the structure of DNA discovered?

A

1953

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10
Q

How many diseases are genetic?

A

4,000

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11
Q

What did ‘Dolly the sheep’ in 1996 lead to?

A
  • cloned
  • led to a new type of treatment, genetic engineering
  • to correct genes
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12
Q

How were patients cared of in the medieval times?

A
  • focused on care and religion rather than treatment and cures
  • medieval hospitals ran by church
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13
Q

How many MEDIEVAL hospitals cared for th sick?

A

Only 10% did, most only offered food and bed not care

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14
Q

What were different MEDIEVAL hospitals?

A

-Leper Hospitals
-Almhouses
-Christian Hospitals
(NO TREATMENT)

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15
Q

What were almhouses?

A
  • medieval equivalent for care homes

- housed widows with young children

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16
Q

What were Christian Hospitals?

A
    • did not treat people, provided basic nursing, meals
  • people who were ill were not allowed
  • main purpose of the hospital was to pray (as they believed SIN is what made them ill)
17
Q

What happened to the monasteries in mid 16th century?

A
  • Henry V111 dissolved them
  • led to closure of many hospitals
  • voluntary charities took over
18
Q

Why were some hospitals able to continue after the dissolvement of monasteries?

A

–some hospitals were endowed with royal funds to enable them to continue caring for the sick

19
Q

What was the role of endowed hospitals?

A
  • evolved from being a place that provided basic care to becoming a centre to treat illness and provide surgery
  • treatments were free
  • nurses kept patients washed, warm and fed
20
Q

What were wards like before Florence Nightingale?

A

-before wards were filthy and there was not enough beds or medical supplies

21
Q

What were wards like before Florence Nightingale?

A

-before wards were filthy and there was not enough beds or medical supplies

22
Q

What did Florence Nightingale do during the Crimean war?

A
  • nurses cleaned the wards, washed patients and their clothes and bedding, separated them and made spaces around the beds and opened windows
  • death rate fell
23
Q

When did Florence Nightingale arrive in the Crimean war?

A

Arrived 1854

24
Q

What did Florene Nightingale influence?

A

-When she returned to England she raised a public fund and set up the Nightingale School of Nursing

25
Q

What did Nightingale publish for nursing?

A

1859, ‘Notes on Nursing’

-set out training Nurses should receive, taught to be clean and change dressings

26
Q

What did Nightingale publish about design of hospitals?

A

1863, ‘Notes on Hospitals’

  • all modern hospital designs are built using this
  • ensured fresh air, light, warmth , cleanliness , quiet and proper selection and administration of diets
27
Q

What hospital was the first to use Nightingale’s ideas?

A

St Thomas in London in 1868

28
Q

When was the NHS formed?

A

1948

29
Q

What report was published in 1942?

A
  • the Beveridge Report, which identified five evil giants - want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness.
  • In identifying disease as a barrier to progress, he proposed a free national health service.
30
Q

What did the NHS provide?

A
  • free medical treatment for all British citizens
  • the nationalisation of hospitals
  • the creation of health centres to provide services like vaccinations, maternity care, district nurses etc
  • a better distribution of doctors around the country with GPs , opticians and dentists in every area
31
Q

Why did people oppose of the NHS?

A
  • Conservative MP’s were concerned about the cost

- the BMA feared doctors employed by the NHS would lose income

32
Q

What are problems faced by the NHS?

A
  • From its very start in 1948 the cost of providing care has increased, putting pressure on NHS budgets.
  • The NHS is no longer completely free. As early as 1952 prescription charges were introduced
  • Lack of money means that there are now waiting lists for many operations
  • As life expectancy has increased so an ageing population has put greater pressure on the NHS.
33
Q

What acts benefited workers welfare?

A
  • 1906 Education act (free school meals)

- 1911, National Insurance Act (provide sickness benefit and free medical care if worker became ill)

History (NEW) (15 decks)

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