1929-1934 Flashcards
Three points about SA?
- Formed in 1921
- protected Nazi speakers
- leader was Ernst Rohm
Three points about NSDAP?
- set up in 1923
- Hitler was Fuhrer
- formally known as DAP
When was the Munich Putsch?
8 November 1923
What happened in the Munich Putsch?
- On the night of 8 November 1923
- Hitler and stormtroopers burst into a meeting that KAHR and LOSSOW were holding at the local Beer Hall.
- Hitler forced them to agree to rebel - and then let them go home.
- The SA took over the army headquarters and the offices of the local newspaper.
- The next day, 9 November 1923, Hitler and his Nazis went into Munich on what they thought would be a triumphal march to take power.
- Kahr had called in police and army reinforcements.
- There was a short scuffle in which the police killed some Nazis
Results of Munich Putsch?
- The Nazi party was banned, and Hitler was prevented from speaking in public until 1927.
- Hitler went to prison, where he wrote Mein Kampf. Millions of Germans read it
- Hitler decided that he would never come to power by revolution. He realised that he would have to use constitutional means,
What did Hitler say in Mein Kampf
- Volkgemeinschaft (nationalism
- Abolish Treaty of Versailles
- Social dwarfism (aryan)
- Anti-Semitism (jews)
- Anti-communist
- Lebensraum (all German speaking people, one nation)
When was the Bamberg Conference
1926
What did Hitler do in the BAMBERG CONFERENCE
- won over possible rivals, like Josef Goebbels by giving them key positions in the party
- created his own bodyguard, the SS
- introduced Hitler youth
Why did the Nazi’s gain less votes in 1928 than 1924?
When did the US stock market crash?
- October 1929
- -caused the Great depression
How did the great depression effect Germany?
- withdrew loans made in Dawes plan
- demand for goods fell, forced to lay off workers
- factories closed
Why did many people turn to extremist groups such as the Nazis?
-as they believed they would be able to relieve their suffering
How many were unemployed in 1932
6 million
What happened in 1930, that shifted power in Germany?
- President Hindenburg appointed Heinrich Bruning as Chancellor, he did not have majority
- he had to rely on article 48 and he barely used the Reichstag
- end of parliamentary democracy
When did the Nazi’s have their breakthrough?
General election in September 1930
- became second biggest party in Germany
- Bruning still did not hold majority
What did Bruning’s government do during the GREAT DEPRESSION?
- cut unemployment benefits
- became known as ‘Hunger chancellor’
How did the nazis gain support within the middle classes?
-as they were afraid of a possible communist takeover
How did the nazis gain support within the middle classes?
-as they were afraid of a possible communist takeover
When did the Nazi’s start to use propaganda?
1929-1933
Who was in charge of propaganda and what did he do?
- manipulate huge audiences by
- Nazi message was simple and repeated
- Nazis owned many newspapers and many people read them
Who was in charge of propaganda and what did he do?
- manipulate huge audiences by
- Nazi message was simple and repeated
- Nazis owned many newspapers and many people read them
- Josef Goebbels
Who did Hitler stand against in 1932 election?
-Hindenburg
What did Nazi’s use in the election of 1932?
- using an aeroplane (Hitler spoke in up to five cities a day)
- his message spread through films, radio and even records
What happened in the votes in the election of 1932?
Hitler lost both rounds of voting against Hindenburg
-but there was greater success in votes than before
Why were industrials support Hitler?
- to protect against communism
- to reduce the power of trade uniions
Who did the Nazi’s receive funds from?
- leading industrialist
- Thyssen, Krupp and Bosch
What did the SA do?
- protect Nazi meetings
- disrupt meetings of Nazi’s opponents
- attacked and intimidated opponents of the Nazi’s
- engage in street fights
Who was the leader of the SA?
-Ernst Rohm
1931
What were the communsits private army called?
Red front fighters
Why did Hitler appeal to many?
- He had developed the art of public speaking
- attracted many people and increased membership
What was different about the election in 1932?
- Chancellor Von Papen did not step down despite not having majority
- Hindenburg did not allow Hitler to become chancellor
What was different about the election in 1932?
- Chancellor Von Papen did not step down despite not having majority
- Hindenburg did not allow Hitler to become chancellor
What was different about the election in 1932?
- Chancellor Von Papen did not step down despite not having majority
- Hindenburg did not allow Hitler to become chancellor
What was different about the election in 1932?
- Chancellor Von Papen did not step down despite not having majority
- Hindenburg did not allow Hitler to become chancellor
How did Hitler become chancellor?
- Von Papen stepped down and Von schleicher became chancellor
- Hoqwever, von papen was determined to gain power so he met with Hitler in 1933, decided Hitler should lead a Nazi Nationslidt government as von papen as vice-chancelllor as he thought he could control him
- Hindenburg agreed
When did Hitler become chancellor of Germany?
30 January 1933
When Hitler became chancellor why was it still a weak position?
-Hindenburg could still had the power to dismiss Hitler
When was the Reichstag fire and what did he do after?
27 February 1933 and Enabling act
When was the enabling act?
March 1933
How did Hitler use the enabling act?
- control of the press
- ban on political parties
-purge of civil service (removed Jews and political opposition from civil service)
-banned trade unions
abolished state assemblies, replaced with Reich governers
What were reasons for night of the long knives?
- SA threat to Hitler’s power
- purging Hitler’s political and military rivals
- Rohm wanted to put the SA and army together, with Rohm as leader. Army does not want anything to do with the SA as they are ill-disciplined
- Rohm wants socialist reforms
- Hitler knows Hindenburg is close to death
What was the importance of the night of the long knives?
- It eradicated opponents
- Secured support of the army
- Relegated SA to minoer role
- It provided Heinrich Himmler, leader of the SS, the opportunity to expand his organisation
When did Hitler become Fuhrer?
-2nd August 1934
When did Hitler become Fuhrer?
-2nd August 1934
When did Hitler become Fuhrer?
-2nd August 1934
How did Hitler become Fuhrer?
- President Hindenburg died and Hitler seized the opportunity to combine two posts of Chancellor and President
- -German army took an oath of loyalty to Hitler
