1933-39 Flashcards
How did Hitler attempt to reduce unemployment?
- The National Labour Service Corps (RAD)
- road building programme (provide autobahns)
- construction of hospitals, schools and houses
What did Nazi’s do to keep unemployment NUMBERS down?
Unemployment figures did not include
- Jews dismissed from their jobs
- Unmarried women under 25 who were pushed into RAD
- Women dismissed from their jobs
- Opponents of the Nazi regime
What is The National Labour Service Corps (RAD)
-scheme to provide young men with manual labour jobs
1935 it was compulsory, (all men aged 19-25 had to serve in RAD for six months)
-1939 extended to women
-military drills
-dormitories
How did Hitler rearm?
- Reintroduction of conscription in 1935, army grew from 100,00 in 1933 to 1.4 million in 1939
- billions were spent on tank, aircraft and ships
- heavy industry expanded to meet the needs of rearmament, like coal , oil, iron and steel
WHY did the Nazi’s control the workforce?
-prevent the possibility of strikes and to ensure that industry met the need of rearmament
What did the German Labour front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront) DAF
- the DAF represented interests of both employers and workers
- all strikes were banned and wages were decided by the DAF
- voluntary but non members struggled to get a job
- member were given high wages
What is Strength through joy (KDF)
- organisation set up by the DAF to replace trade unions
- tried to improve leisure time of German workers
When and what did the law for the encouragement of marriage do?
1933
-giving loans to young couples who marry
What did large families recieve?
On |Hitler’s mother birthday Large families awarded motherhood cross
What is Lebensborn?
specially chosen unmarried women could ‘donate a baby to the Fuhrer’ by becoming impregnated by SS men
What were expectations of Nazi women?
- Did not wear makeup
- Blonde, heavy hipped, athletic
- Wore flat shoes + full skirt
- No smoking
- Did not work (household)
- Brings up children
- No intertest in politics
What were Nazi women told to do?
Stick to 3 k’s (kids, kitchen, church)
- schools discouraged from higher education
- women doctors, civil servants and teachers were forced to leave their jobs
What could women in Weimar period do?
- All women over 20 can vote
- drink and smoke
- makeup and trousers
- women earn the same as men
How did Hitler control schools?
- textbooks (rewritten Nazi views)
- Teachers (oath)
- Lessons (heil hitler)
- Curriculum (pe and cooking)
What did the Nazi education policies do?
Indoctrinate children into Nazi ideologies from a young age
How were young people converted to Nazi ideals in their spare time?
- Hitler youth males (athletics military 14-18)
- Hitler youth females (domestic skills 14-18)
Why did Hitler see Catholicism as a threat?
- Catholics allegiance was to the pope
- Catholics message was opposite to those of Nazi party
- Catholics supported centre party
How did Hitler believe on how to create a pure German state
- selective breeding
- destroying the Jews
How did Jews lose their political rights?
1935 Nuremberg laws - Jews lost their citizenship, right to vote and hold government office
How did Jews lose their economic rights?
1933- banned from inheriting land
1938- Kristallnacht
How did Jews lose their social rights?
- 1934 - banned Jews from public spaces
- 1938-Jews had to carry identity cards, Jewish men had to add ‘Israel’ to their names, Jewish doctors were forbidden from treating aryans
What happened in Kristalnacht and when?
- 8 November 1938
- young polish Jew shot up a person in German embassy
- Goebbels used this to organise anti-Jewish demonstrations, attacks on Jewish property, shops, homes and synagogues
What was aftermath of Kristallnacht?
-Nazi government did not permit Jewish property owners to make insurance claims
-surviviing Jewish businesses were not allowed to reopen under Jewish management
-
When were Jews moved into ghettos?
- April 1939- Jews were evicted from their homes and forced into designated Jewish accommodation called Ghettos
What did the SS do?
- Installed fear through use of force
- After night of long knives the SS were responsible for the removal of opposition
What did the Gestapo do?
- could arrest and imprison those suspected of opposing the state
- secret police
- set up in 1933 by Herman Goering
What were the SD
- set up in 1931, under Himmler
- used to discover ACTUAL potential enemies of Nazi party
What were concentration camps?
- to hold political and racial opponents of Nazis
- SA,SS ran it but gestapo sent people there
- established after enabling act
When did Goebbels set up the Ministry for Populart Enlighten and Propaganda
March 1934
How did Hitler use propaganda through?
- Radio
- Cinema
- Rallies
- Posters
- Books
How did Hitler use Cinema for propaganda?
-all films were accompanied by a 45 minute newsreel that glorified Hitler
How did Hitler use Ralliesfor propaganda?
-Annual mass rally at Nuremberg to showcase the power of the Nazi state
How did Hitler use Books for propaganda?
- carefully censored
- writers were forced to write about Nazi achievments
What did Hitler censor?
- Newspapers
- Music
- Theatre
- Architecture
- Art
