book theory Flashcards
what is an implicit claim
not easy to find
what is an uncontestable claim
Claims that we usually accept without challenge or question
Does not have to be any evidence to support it
When we hear or read them, they are thought of as unproblematic
what are the 5 factors for a claim to be uncontestable
- in line with our own experiences and observations
- independent of interpretation
- experts have agreed
- common sense
- technical or mathematical claims
contestable claims
need to question whether the claim is valid or not
what is the acronym to test the quality of evidence
SCRAAP
what does SCRAAP stand for
sufficient, clarity of expression, representative, accurate, authority, pecise
what are the two types of underlying assumptions
reality assumptions and value assumptions
what are reality assumptions
a. Our beliefs about what events have taken place, what exists and how things work in the world
b. They are out beliefs about reality and the way things really are (based on our first-hand experiences, our conversations with others, the things we read or see on television)
what are value assumptions
a. Our ideals, our standards of right and wrong, the way things ought to be
b. They are learned early in childhood from family members, classmates, religion
c. Often accompanied by the words ought, should, desirable, unacceptable
what are causal claims
Certain events (causes) are responsible for bringing on other events (effects)
what are the 3 categories of plausible rival causes
- differences between groups
- correlation between characteristics
- the sequencing
what makes an argument persuasive
quality of evidence + soundness of the causal argument + agree with the authors underlying assumptions + language and writing style
