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Bio 141 - additional > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Total # of bones in the adult skeleton

A

206 bone organs

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3
Q

4 structural components of the adult skeleton

A

206 bone organs cartilage ligaments tendons aponeuroses

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4
Q

Skeletal system is nourished by an ample _______ supply and constantly stimulated by ________

A

Skeletal system is nourished by an ample blood supply and constantly stimulated by nerves

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5
Q

Axial skeleton (6 regions that comprise)

A

80 bone organs cranial bones (8) facial bones (14) ear ossicles (6) hyoid bone vertebral column thoracic cage

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6
Q

appendicular skeleton (3 regions)

A

126 bone organs upper/lower appendages bony pectoral girdles (2) pelvic girdle (1)

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7
Q

3 general regions of skeletal organization

A

axial skeleton appendicular skeleton joints/articulations

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8
Q

5 functions of the skeletal system

A

shape and form stores important minerals blood elements formed in relative organ protection movement working with muscles

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9
Q

5 bone groupings/classifications

A

long short flat irregular sesamoid ADD IMAGE

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10
Q

long bone: found? Shape? Function? Examples?

A

limbs - arms, legs, long bones of hands/feet cylindrical sustain weight, act in movement/locomotion femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, metatarsals, phillanges ADD IMAGE

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11
Q

short bones: Found? Shape? Function? Movement? Made of?

A

wrist (carpals), ankles (tarsals) cuboidal/oblong, tightly grouped together hold lots of weight, absorb/distribute weight sliding/gliding movement mostly spongy bone with thin layer of compact bone surrounding ADD IMAGE

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12
Q

flat bone: function? Shape? Made of? Found?

A

absorb blunt force, provide broad surface for muscle attachment plate-line, flat, broad surfaces 2 plates compact bone w/spongy btwn skull ribs, breastbone, scapula ADD IMAGE

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13
Q

irregular bone: Shape? Made of? Found?

A

not other categories, structurally busy cancellous w/ think layer compact bone surrounding vertebrae, ear ossicles, hyoid, mandible, clavicle, pelvic bones ADD IMAGE

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14
Q

sesamoid bones: Shape? Role? Found?

A

small, rounded part of joint to stabalize or in ligament patella (kneecap) is largest

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15
Q

vertebral column

A

26 vertebrae w/ intervertebral discs between skull balanced on

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16
Q

cranial bones

A

encloses, protects brain and sense organs (8)

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17
Q

facial bones

A

gives shape to face contains teeth (14)

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18
Q

ear ossicles

A

help with sound (6)

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19
Q

only bone not attached to another

A

hyoid bone

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20
Q

hyoid bone

A

supports tongue, larynx, helps w/ swallowing

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21
Q

thoracic cage

A

AKA rib cage 12 pairs of ribs + sternum sternum- medially supports 10 pairs of ribs encloses/protects thoracic organs

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22
Q

joints or articulations

A

bone - (cartilage between cushions) - bone supporting skeleton

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23
Q

Joints act as ______ when muscles ________. The force applied results in _________.

A

Joints act as levers when muscles contract. The force applied results in movement.

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24
Q

blood cell formation occurs in _____bone marrow and produces_________, ___________, and ___________ blood elements

A

blood cell formation occurs in red bone marrow and produces erytrocytes, leukocytes and platelets/thrombocytes blood elements

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25
Q

after age 30, body contains _____ bone marrow

A

yellow marrow (adipose cells in marrow)

26
Q

____% of bone marrow is comprised of the inorganic salts calcium _______ and calcium _________

A

62% of bone marrow is comprised of the inorganic salts calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

27
Q

99% of the body’s __________ is stored in the bones

A

99% of the body’s calcium is stored in the bones

28
Q

minerals in bone matrix

A

inorganic salts - calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate less: magnesium, chloride, fluoride, citrate

29
Q

longest, strongest, heaviest bone in the body

30
Q

largest sesamoid bone

A

patella/ kneecap

31
Q

foramen

A

hole in bone through which blood vessels, ligaments, nerves pass pelvic foramen ADD IMAGE

32
Q

fossa

A

bone depression - shallow, cuplike ADD IMAGE

33
Q

trocanter

A

bumpy projection on bone good for tendons to attach Ex. Top of femur ADD IMAGE

34
Q

tubercle

A

small rounded projection (like trocanter but smaller, diff bones) Ex humerus ADD IMAGE

35
Q

tuberosity

A

large rounded roughened projection Ex. Shin bone ADD IMAGE

36
Q

Tibial _______ where doctors hit for kick reflex

A

tuberosity

37
Q

crest

A

sharp ridge, tendons can fuse to ADD IMAGE

38
Q

condyle

A

smooth round surface convex or concave where joint occurs Ex. Top of femur ADD IMAGE

39
Q

epicondyle

A

projection above a condyle ADD IMAGE

40
Q

periosteum

A

connective tissue over long bones, osteogenic (create bone cells)

41
Q

epiphysis

A

surfaces on both ends of long bones

42
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft in middle of long bones

43
Q

marrow/medullary cavity

A

long bone cavity in diaphysis lined with endosteum, filled with marrow

44
Q

epiphyseal plates

A

plates at each end for “growth” of hyacinth cartilage continue adding until around 19 then create epiphyseal line

45
Q

articular cartilage

A

cartilage at each end of long bone to cushion in joint

46
Q

long bones are have ________ bone inside and ________ bone exterior layer

A

long bones are have cancellous bone inside and compact bone exterior layer

47
Q

stem cells that multiply and turn into other bone cells

A

osteogenic cells

48
Q

make soft matter of bone matrix which eventually hardens

A

osteoblasts

49
Q

trapped former osteoblasts in lamellae rings in lacunae, diffusion through Haversion canals through canaliculi

A

osteocytes

50
Q

osteocytes are former ___________ now trapped in ________ rings in lacunae using diffusion to the Haversion canals through _________

A

osteocytes are former osteoblasts now trapped in lamellae rings in lacunae using diffusion to the Haversion canals through canaliculi

51
Q

bone cells that can dissolve bone on surface

A

osteoclasts

52
Q

bone matrix is ____ organic and ______ inorganic materials

A

1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic

53
Q

organic part of bone matric is made of _______ fibers and __________

A

organic part of bone matric is made of collagen fibers and protein

54
Q

inorganic part of bone matrix is made of

A

inorganic salts - calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate less: magnesium, chloride, fluoride, citrate

55
Q

compression strength of bone

A

tensile strength

56
Q

2 types of bone tissue

A

compact/ground bone and cancellous/spongy bone

57
Q

compact/ground bone

A

osteocytes in lacune in lamellae diffusion through canaliculi and Haversion canals covers cancellous/spongy bone

58
Q

cancellous/spongy bone

A

delicate bony spicules create cavities with bone marrow

59
Q

intramembranous bone

A

forms like sheets within connective tissue

60
Q

Bones form by replacing connective tissue in fetus 2 ways:

A

Intramembranous bone Endochondral bone

Bio 141 - additional (7 decks)

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