Bones

Question 2

Total # of bones in the adult skeleton

Answer 2

206 bone organs

Question 3

4 structural components of the adult skeleton

Answer 3

206 bone organs cartilage ligaments tendons aponeuroses

Question 4

Skeletal system is nourished by an ample _______ supply and constantly stimulated by ________

Answer 4

Skeletal system is nourished by an ample blood supply and constantly stimulated by nerves

Question 5

Axial skeleton (6 regions that comprise)

Answer 5

80 bone organs cranial bones (8) facial bones (14) ear ossicles (6) hyoid bone vertebral column thoracic cage

Question 6

appendicular skeleton (3 regions)

Answer 6

126 bone organs upper/lower appendages bony pectoral girdles (2) pelvic girdle (1)

Question 7

3 general regions of skeletal organization

Answer 7

axial skeleton appendicular skeleton joints/articulations

Question 8

5 functions of the skeletal system

Answer 8

shape and form stores important minerals blood elements formed in relative organ protection movement working with muscles

Question 9

5 bone groupings/classifications

Answer 9

long short flat irregular sesamoid ADD IMAGE

Question 10

long bone: found? Shape? Function? Examples?

Answer 10

limbs - arms, legs, long bones of hands/feet cylindrical sustain weight, act in movement/locomotion femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, metatarsals, phillanges ADD IMAGE

Question 11

short bones: Found? Shape? Function? Movement? Made of?

Answer 11

wrist (carpals), ankles (tarsals) cuboidal/oblong, tightly grouped together hold lots of weight, absorb/distribute weight sliding/gliding movement mostly spongy bone with thin layer of compact bone surrounding ADD IMAGE

Question 12

flat bone: function? Shape? Made of? Found?

Answer 12

absorb blunt force, provide broad surface for muscle attachment plate-line, flat, broad surfaces 2 plates compact bone w/spongy btwn skull ribs, breastbone, scapula ADD IMAGE

Question 13

irregular bone: Shape? Made of? Found?

Answer 13

not other categories, structurally busy cancellous w/ think layer compact bone surrounding vertebrae, ear ossicles, hyoid, mandible, clavicle, pelvic bones ADD IMAGE

Question 14

sesamoid bones: Shape? Role? Found?

Answer 14

small, rounded part of joint to stabalize or in ligament patella (kneecap) is largest

Question 15

vertebral column

Answer 15

26 vertebrae w/ intervertebral discs between skull balanced on

Question 16

cranial bones

Answer 16

encloses, protects brain and sense organs (8)

Question 17

facial bones

Answer 17

gives shape to face contains teeth (14)

Question 18

ear ossicles

Answer 18

help with sound (6)

Question 19

only bone not attached to another

Answer 19

hyoid bone

Question 20

hyoid bone

Answer 20

supports tongue, larynx, helps w/ swallowing

Question 21

thoracic cage

Answer 21

AKA rib cage 12 pairs of ribs + sternum sternum- medially supports 10 pairs of ribs encloses/protects thoracic organs

Question 22

joints or articulations

Answer 22

bone - (cartilage between cushions) - bone supporting skeleton

Question 23

Joints act as ______ when muscles ________. The force applied results in _________.

Answer 23

Joints act as levers when muscles contract. The force applied results in movement.

Question 24

blood cell formation occurs in _____bone marrow and produces_________, ___________, and ___________ blood elements

Answer 24

blood cell formation occurs in red bone marrow and produces erytrocytes, leukocytes and platelets/thrombocytes blood elements

Question 25

after age 30, body contains _____ bone marrow

Answer 25

yellow marrow (adipose cells in marrow)

Question 26

\_\_\_\_% of bone marrow is comprised of the inorganic salts calcium _______ and calcium \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 26

62% of bone marrow is comprised of the inorganic salts calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

Question 27

99% of the body's __________ is stored in the bones

Answer 27

99% of the body's calcium is stored in the bones

Question 28

minerals in bone matrix

Answer 28

inorganic salts - calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate less: magnesium, chloride, fluoride, citrate

Question 29

longest, strongest, heaviest bone in the body

Answer 29

femur

Question 30

largest sesamoid bone

Answer 30

patella/ kneecap

Question 31

foramen

Answer 31

hole in bone through which blood vessels, ligaments, nerves pass pelvic foramen ADD IMAGE

Question 32

fossa

Answer 32

bone depression - shallow, cuplike ADD IMAGE

Question 33

trocanter

Answer 33

bumpy projection on bone good for tendons to attach Ex. Top of femur ADD IMAGE

Question 34

tubercle

Answer 34

small rounded projection (like trocanter but smaller, diff bones) Ex humerus ADD IMAGE

Question 35

tuberosity

Answer 35

large rounded roughened projection Ex. Shin bone ADD IMAGE

Question 36

Tibial _______ where doctors hit for kick reflex

Answer 36

tuberosity

Question 37

crest

Answer 37

sharp ridge, tendons can fuse to ADD IMAGE

Question 38

condyle

Answer 38

smooth round surface convex or concave where joint occurs Ex. Top of femur ADD IMAGE

Question 39

epicondyle

Answer 39

projection above a condyle ADD IMAGE

Question 40

periosteum

Answer 40

connective tissue over long bones, osteogenic (create bone cells)

Question 41

epiphysis

Answer 41

surfaces on both ends of long bones

Question 42

diaphysis

Answer 42

shaft in middle of long bones

Question 43

marrow/medullary cavity

Answer 43

long bone cavity in diaphysis lined with endosteum, filled with marrow

Question 44

epiphyseal plates

Answer 44

plates at each end for "growth" of hyacinth cartilage continue adding until around 19 then create epiphyseal line

Question 45

articular cartilage

Answer 45

cartilage at each end of long bone to cushion in joint

Question 46

long bones are have ________ bone inside and ________ bone exterior layer

Answer 46

long bones are have cancellous bone inside and compact bone exterior layer

Question 47

stem cells that multiply and turn into other bone cells

Answer 47

osteogenic cells

Question 48

make soft matter of bone matrix which eventually hardens

Answer 48

osteoblasts

Question 49

trapped former osteoblasts in lamellae rings in lacunae, diffusion through Haversion canals through canaliculi

Answer 49

osteocytes

Question 50

osteocytes are former ___________ now trapped in ________ rings in lacunae using diffusion to the Haversion canals through \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 50

osteocytes are former osteoblasts now trapped in lamellae rings in lacunae using diffusion to the Haversion canals through canaliculi

Question 51

bone cells that can dissolve bone on surface

Answer 51

osteoclasts

Question 52

bone matrix is ____ organic and ______ inorganic materials

Answer 52

1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic

Question 53

organic part of bone matric is made of _______ fibers and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 53

organic part of bone matric is made of collagen fibers and protein

Question 54

inorganic part of bone matrix is made of

Answer 54

inorganic salts - calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate less: magnesium, chloride, fluoride, citrate

Question 55

compression strength of bone

Answer 55

tensile strength

Question 56

2 types of bone tissue

Answer 56

compact/ground bone and cancellous/spongy bone

Question 57

compact/ground bone

Answer 57

osteocytes in lacune in lamellae diffusion through canaliculi and Haversion canals covers cancellous/spongy bone

Question 58

cancellous/spongy bone

Answer 58

delicate bony spicules create cavities with bone marrow

Question 59

intramembranous bone

Answer 59

forms like sheets within connective tissue

Question 60

Bones form by replacing connective tissue in fetus 2 ways:

Answer 60

Intramembranous bone Endochondral bone