Bones Flashcards
Total # of bones in the adult skeleton
206 bone organs
4 structural components of the adult skeleton
206 bone organs cartilage ligaments tendons aponeuroses
Skeletal system is nourished by an ample _______ supply and constantly stimulated by ________
Skeletal system is nourished by an ample blood supply and constantly stimulated by nerves
Axial skeleton (6 regions that comprise)
80 bone organs cranial bones (8) facial bones (14) ear ossicles (6) hyoid bone vertebral column thoracic cage
appendicular skeleton (3 regions)
126 bone organs upper/lower appendages bony pectoral girdles (2) pelvic girdle (1)
3 general regions of skeletal organization
axial skeleton appendicular skeleton joints/articulations
5 functions of the skeletal system
shape and form stores important minerals blood elements formed in relative organ protection movement working with muscles
5 bone groupings/classifications
long short flat irregular sesamoid ADD IMAGE
long bone: found? Shape? Function? Examples?
limbs - arms, legs, long bones of hands/feet cylindrical sustain weight, act in movement/locomotion femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, metatarsals, phillanges ADD IMAGE
short bones: Found? Shape? Function? Movement? Made of?
wrist (carpals), ankles (tarsals) cuboidal/oblong, tightly grouped together hold lots of weight, absorb/distribute weight sliding/gliding movement mostly spongy bone with thin layer of compact bone surrounding ADD IMAGE
flat bone: function? Shape? Made of? Found?
absorb blunt force, provide broad surface for muscle attachment plate-line, flat, broad surfaces 2 plates compact bone w/spongy btwn skull ribs, breastbone, scapula ADD IMAGE
irregular bone: Shape? Made of? Found?
not other categories, structurally busy cancellous w/ think layer compact bone surrounding vertebrae, ear ossicles, hyoid, mandible, clavicle, pelvic bones ADD IMAGE
sesamoid bones: Shape? Role? Found?
small, rounded part of joint to stabalize or in ligament patella (kneecap) is largest
vertebral column
26 vertebrae w/ intervertebral discs between skull balanced on
cranial bones
encloses, protects brain and sense organs (8)
facial bones
gives shape to face contains teeth (14)
ear ossicles
help with sound (6)
only bone not attached to another
hyoid bone
hyoid bone
supports tongue, larynx, helps w/ swallowing
thoracic cage
AKA rib cage 12 pairs of ribs + sternum sternum- medially supports 10 pairs of ribs encloses/protects thoracic organs
joints or articulations
bone - (cartilage between cushions) - bone supporting skeleton
Joints act as ______ when muscles ________. The force applied results in _________.
Joints act as levers when muscles contract. The force applied results in movement.
blood cell formation occurs in _____bone marrow and produces_________, ___________, and ___________ blood elements
blood cell formation occurs in red bone marrow and produces erytrocytes, leukocytes and platelets/thrombocytes blood elements
after age 30, body contains _____ bone marrow
yellow marrow (adipose cells in marrow)
____% of bone marrow is comprised of the inorganic salts calcium _______ and calcium _________
62% of bone marrow is comprised of the inorganic salts calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
99% of the body’s __________ is stored in the bones
99% of the body’s calcium is stored in the bones
minerals in bone matrix
inorganic salts - calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate less: magnesium, chloride, fluoride, citrate
longest, strongest, heaviest bone in the body
femur
largest sesamoid bone
patella/ kneecap
foramen
hole in bone through which blood vessels, ligaments, nerves pass pelvic foramen ADD IMAGE
fossa
bone depression - shallow, cuplike ADD IMAGE
trocanter
bumpy projection on bone good for tendons to attach Ex. Top of femur ADD IMAGE
tubercle
small rounded projection (like trocanter but smaller, diff bones) Ex humerus ADD IMAGE
tuberosity
large rounded roughened projection Ex. Shin bone ADD IMAGE
Tibial _______ where doctors hit for kick reflex
tuberosity
crest
sharp ridge, tendons can fuse to ADD IMAGE
condyle
smooth round surface convex or concave where joint occurs Ex. Top of femur ADD IMAGE
epicondyle
projection above a condyle ADD IMAGE
periosteum
connective tissue over long bones, osteogenic (create bone cells)
epiphysis
surfaces on both ends of long bones
diaphysis
shaft in middle of long bones
marrow/medullary cavity
long bone cavity in diaphysis lined with endosteum, filled with marrow
epiphyseal plates
plates at each end for “growth” of hyacinth cartilage continue adding until around 19 then create epiphyseal line
articular cartilage
cartilage at each end of long bone to cushion in joint
long bones are have ________ bone inside and ________ bone exterior layer
long bones are have cancellous bone inside and compact bone exterior layer
stem cells that multiply and turn into other bone cells
osteogenic cells
make soft matter of bone matrix which eventually hardens
osteoblasts
trapped former osteoblasts in lamellae rings in lacunae, diffusion through Haversion canals through canaliculi
osteocytes
osteocytes are former ___________ now trapped in ________ rings in lacunae using diffusion to the Haversion canals through _________
osteocytes are former osteoblasts now trapped in lamellae rings in lacunae using diffusion to the Haversion canals through canaliculi
bone cells that can dissolve bone on surface
osteoclasts
bone matrix is ____ organic and ______ inorganic materials
1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic
organic part of bone matric is made of _______ fibers and __________
organic part of bone matric is made of collagen fibers and protein
inorganic part of bone matrix is made of
inorganic salts - calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate less: magnesium, chloride, fluoride, citrate
compression strength of bone
tensile strength
2 types of bone tissue
compact/ground bone and cancellous/spongy bone
compact/ground bone
osteocytes in lacune in lamellae diffusion through canaliculi and Haversion canals covers cancellous/spongy bone
cancellous/spongy bone
delicate bony spicules create cavities with bone marrow
intramembranous bone
forms like sheets within connective tissue
Bones form by replacing connective tissue in fetus 2 ways:
Intramembranous bone Endochondral bone
