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MD2001 > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What gives bone its tensile strength?

A

Collagen

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2
Q

What gives bone its compressional strength?

A

Precipitation of calcium phosphate crystals within matrix (hydroxyapatite)

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3
Q

What synthesizes collagen?

A

Fibroblast

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4
Q

What type of cells differentiate into osteoblasts and chondroblasts?

A

Mesenchymal cells

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5
Q

State the two canals that carry blood in bones.

A

Haversian canals carry blood along the axis

Volkman’s canals carry blood perpendicularly

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6
Q

What type of cells are not in direct contact with blood supply?

A

Osteocytes

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7
Q

What is the site of haemopoiesis?

A

Spongy, trabecular bone

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8
Q

What are the common disorders of bones?

A

Rickets (vitamin D deficiency): failure to absorb Ca2

Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency): lack of collagen

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9
Q

What type of cells cover the surface of the bone?

A

Osteoblast

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10
Q

What type of cells forms an osseous matrix?

A

Osteoblast

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11
Q

What type of cell resorb bone matrix by demineralization?

A

Osteoclast

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12
Q

What type of cells are embedded in lacunae?

A

Osteocyte

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13
Q

What gives rise to osteoblasts?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

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14
Q

What type of cells Communicate via finger-like

projections in canaliculi?

A

Osteocytes

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15
Q

What increases the activity of osteoclasts and release of Ca?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) ↑

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16
Q

What decreases the activity of osteoclasts and release of Ca?

A

Calcitonin

17
Q

State the steps of bone remodelling cycle.

A

Quiescence - resorption by osteoclasts - Reversal (Surface exposed to osteoprogenitors
Osteoblasts differentiate) - Formattion

18
Q

What forms cartilage?

A

Chondroblasts

19
Q

What reshapes cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

20
Q

Where does ossification begin?

A

In diaphysis. Primary ossification
centre is active before
birth

21
Q

What are the steps of healing fractures?

A

Inflammation and additional blood flow lead to callus formation (osteoblasts quickly form woven bone, to brige the gap) then Lamellar bone is laid down (collagen organised in regular sheets to give strength and resilience)

MD2001 (14 decks)

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