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Body Log > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Periosteum

A

Outer layer of bones, fibrous layer serves as a point for blood vessels and nerves to attach, cellular layer contains mesenchymal stem cells

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2
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Synthesises osteoid and then deposits calcium hydroxyapatite to form extracellular matrix of bone

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3
Q

Osteocytes

A

Osteoblasts that got stuck in the bone, monitor the bone, respond to stress levels

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4
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Destroyers, perform resorption (destruction)

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5
Q

Osteoid

A

Extracellular matrix, mostly type 1 collagen stuck together by ground substance

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6
Q

Osteon

A

Functional unit of compact bone, circular structure

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7
Q

Structure of osteon

A

Layers of rings called lamellae separated by interstitial lamella

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8
Q

Haversian canal

A

Blood vessels in the centre of osteon

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9
Q

Volkmann canal

A

Connect Haversian canals with periosteum

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10
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Formation of long bones from cartilage template, continued lengthening is by ossification at epiphyseal plates

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11
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Form from clusters of mesenchymal stem cell in the centre of the bone

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12
Q

Cancellous bone conversion to cortical bone

A
  1. mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts, lay down osteoid
  2. Osteoblasts is trapped
  3. Repeat to form lamellae
  4. Central MSCs convert into blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
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13
Q

Appositional growth

A

increasing width

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14
Q

5 types of bones

A

Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

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15
Q

Long bones

A
  • Longer than they are wide
  • Support the weight of the body and facilitate movement
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16
Q

Short bones

A
  • Approximately as long as they are wide
  • Provide stability and some movement
17
Q

Flat bones

A
  • Somewhat flattened with roughly parallel opposite edges
  • Protect internal organs and provide large areas of attachment for muscles
18
Q

Irregular bones

A
  • Vary in shape and structure and do not fit any other category
  • Protect internal organs, provide anchor points for muscle groups
19
Q

Sesamoid bones

A
  • Small, round bones found in tendons of hands, knees and feet
  • Protect tendons from stress and damage from repeated “wear and tear”
20
Q

Where is bone marrow found?

A

In spaces in cancellous bone along with blood vessels and nerves

21
Q

Trebeculae in cancellous bone

A

Supporting beams in bone

22
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Full of developing RBC, rich blood supply, only found in cancellous bone.

23
Q

Function of red bone marrow

A

Replenish cells in blood (haemopoiesis)

24
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Full of adipocytes, poor blood supply

25
Q

Function of yellow bone marrow

A

Shock absorber and energy source, can convert to red bone marrow

26
Q

Precapillary sphincters

A

Control flow in capillaries, located between arterials and capillaries

27
Q

3 layers of veins

A

Tunica intima (endothelial), tunica media (elastic fibres and smooth muscle cells), tunica externa (elastic fibrous capsule)

28
Q

Systemic veins

A

Return deoxygenated blood back to right atrium

29
Q

Superficial veins

A

Located close to the skin, no corresponding artery

30
Q

Deep veins

A

Located deep between tissues and typically located near a corresponding artery with same name

31
Q

Tunica intima in arteries

A

composed of an elastic lining and smooth endothelium

32
Q

Tunica media

A

composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibres, thicker in arteries

33
Q

Tunica adventitia

A

Strong outer covering composed of collagen and elastic fibres, allows arteries to stretch but prevents over-expansion

34
Q

Collateral circulation

A

Collateral vessels provide an alternative route, like a road diversion

Body Log (9 decks)

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