Bone Physiology

Question 1

Periosteum

Answer 1

Outer Osteoprogenitor layer

Question 2

Endosteum

Answer 2

Inner Osteoprogenitor layer

Question 3

Two types of bone formation

Answer 3

1. Intramembranous ossification
2. Endochrondral ossification

Question 4

Intramembranous ossification vs endochondral ossification

Answer 4

Intramembranous directly mesenchyme -> bone, endochondral has intermediate cartilage template

Question 5

Intramembranous Ossification location

Answer 5

Clavicle, mandible, skull

Question 6

Epiphyseal Growth Plate

Answer 6

Site of bone growth/lengthening in an adolescent bone. Missing in adults as no longer growing

Question 7

Bone growing longer growth method

Answer 7

Endochondral ossification

Question 8

Bone growing wider growth type

Answer 8

Appositional growth

Question 9

Bone Restoration Phases

Answer 9

1. Reactive
2. Reparative
3. Remodelling

Question 10

Reactive Phase bone restoration

Answer 10

Formation of fracture hematoma (lots of blood brings in cytokines etc)

Question 11

Reparative phase bone growth

Answer 11

1. Fibrocartilagenous callus formation (collagen matrix)
2. Calcification = bony callus

Endochondral ossification (as making new bone)

Question 12

Remodelling Phase bone restoration

Answer 12

Osteoclasts destroy old bone, new bone laid down

Appositional Growth