Bone growth Joints - Tissues & Structures Flashcards
What is the starting model for bone growth?
A cartilage model, which begins to form approximately 6 weeks after fertilization.
What is endochondral ossification?
The process of turning cartilage into bone.
Where are primary ossification centres located?
In the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones.
What remains as cartilage in primary ossification?
Epiphyses.
Where are secondary ossification centres located?
In the epiphyses.
What separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis?
The epiphyseal (growth) plate.
What enables bone growth in length?
Epiphyseal plates (growth plates), which are made of cartilage.
When do epiphyses fuse with diaphyses?
Starting at puberty.
What is appositional growth?
Bone growth in width, where osteoblasts add bone matrix to the outer surface.
What role do osteoclasts play in bone growth?
They mold bone shape and form the medullary cavity.
What do joints do?
Hold bones together, involve bone ends and soft tissues, and allow controlled movement.
What is hyaline (articular) cartilage?
A type of cartilage that resists compression, has high water content, and provides a smooth frictionless surface.
What is fibrocartilage?
A type of cartilage that resists both compression and tension, distributes force, and acts as a shock absorber.
What are ligaments?
Dense fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone, restricts movement, and resists tension.
What are tendons?
Dense fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and allows movement.
What are fibrous joints?
Joints with the least movement, such as cranial sutures and the distal tibiofibular joint.
What are cartilaginous joints?
Joints that allow some movement, such as intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.
What are synovial joints?
Joints that allow the most movement, such as most joints in the appendicular skeleton.
Which tissue resists both compression and tension?
D) Fibrocartilage
What allows bones to grow in length?
B) Growth plates; appositional growth.
What is the summary of bone growth?
Bone begins as cartilage, then undergoes ossification, requiring growth plates and appositional growth.
What tissues are required for joints?
Connective tissues, specifically cartilage and dense fibrous connective tissue (DFCT).
How are the three classes of joints classified?
Based on movement.
