Bone Development Flashcards
Functions of bones
1.Support, 2.Protection, 3. movement 4. Mineral Reservoir 5. Blood cell 6. Energy
The Two main groups
Axial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton
skull (and ear ossicles),
hyoid, vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx, sternum
and ribs
Axial skeleton
everything else!
Bones of the pelvis, arms and legs
Appendicular skeleton
Longer than they are wide
• Femur, humerus, fibula
Long bones
Cube-shaped bones (in wrist and ankle e.g.
talus)
• Sesamoid bones (within tendons, e.g., patella)
Short bone
Thin, flat, slightly curved
• Sternum, parietal, occipital, frontal
Flat bones
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Skeletal Cartilages (HEF)
- Hyaline cartilage (chondrocytes = maintain matrix)
• Provide support, flexibility, and resilience
• Most abundant type
• Location: trachea, larynx, articular ends of bones,
epiphyseal plate, nose, costal cartilage - Elastic cartilage (chondrocytes)
• Similar to hyaline cartilages, but contain elastic fibers
• Location: ear, epiglottis, eustachian tube - Fibrocartilage (chondrocytes)
• Collagen fibers—have great tensile strength
• Location: IVD, pubic symphysis, menisci
What does Hyaline cartilage (chondrocytes = maintain matrix) do?
Provide support, flexibility, and resilience
Provide support, flexibility, and resilience
Hyaline cartilage (chondrocytes = maintain matrix)
Similar to hyaline cartilages, but contain elastic fibers
Elastic cartilage (chondrocytes)
Fibrocartilage (chondrocytes)
Collagen fibers—have great tensile strength
Collagen fibers—have great tensile strength
Fibrocartilage (chondrocytes)
Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as • Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons Joint surfaces Conduits for blood vessels and nerves
Bone Marking
Dense outer layer
Compact bone
Honeycomb of trabeculae
Spongy (cancellous) bone
Compact bone collar surrounds medullary (marrow)
cavity
Medullary cavity in adults contains fat (yellow marrow)
Diaphysis (shaft)
Expanded ends Spongy bone interior Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth plate) Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint surfaces
Epiphyses
“Open” growth plate of hyaline cartilage where interstitial
growth occurs
Epiphyseal Plate
“Closed” growth plate (remnant of epiphyseal plate).
Epiphyseal Line
Composed of an outer fibrous layer
and an inner osteogenic layer
- (bone-forming cells)?
- (bone-destroying cells)?
- cells (stem cells)?
Periosteum
- Osteoblasts
- Osteoclasts
- Osteogenic
Delicate membrane on internal surfaces of
bone
Contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Endosteum
covers compact bone on the
outside
Periosteum
covers spongy bone within
Endosteum
called diploë in flat bones
Bone marrow between the trabeculae
Spongy bone
Stem cells in periosteum and endosteum
that give rise to osteoblasts
Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells
Bone-forming cells
Osteoblasts
Mature bone cells: maintain bone matrix
Osteocytes
Cells that break down (resorb) bone matrix
•“Pack Man Cells”
Osteoclasts
Column-like rings matrix tubes
Lamellae
Contains NAVL (nerves, arteries, veins and lymphatics)
Central (Haversian) canal
At right angles to the central canal
Connects blood vessels and nerves of the
periosteum and central canal
Volkmann’s canals
small cavities that contain living
osteocytes
Lacunae
hairlike canals that connect
lacunae to each other and the central canal
Canaliculi
Contain irregularly arranged lamellae,
osteocytes, and canaliculi: lattice-like structure
• Align along lines of stress
Trabeculae
Produce all blood cells
Red Bone Marrow
Osteogenic cells, osteoblasts,
osteocytes, osteoclasts
cells
organic bone matrix secreted
by osteoblasts
osteoid
Hydroxyapatite (mineral salts) contains
