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Anatomy > Bone Development > Flashcards

Bone Development Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of bones

A

1.Support, 2.Protection, 3. movement 4. Mineral Reservoir 5. Blood cell 6. Energy

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2
Q

The Two main groups

A

Axial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

skull (and ear ossicles),
hyoid, vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx, sternum
and ribs

A

Axial skeleton

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4
Q

everything else!

Bones of the pelvis, arms and legs

A

Appendicular skeleton

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5
Q

Longer than they are wide

• Femur, humerus, fibula

A

Long bones

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6
Q

Cube-shaped bones (in wrist and ankle e.g.
talus)
• Sesamoid bones (within tendons, e.g., patella)

A

Short bone

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7
Q

Thin, flat, slightly curved

• Sternum, parietal, occipital, frontal

A

Flat bones

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8
Q

skip

A

skip

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9
Q

Skeletal Cartilages (HEF)

A
  1. Hyaline cartilage (chondrocytes = maintain matrix)
    • Provide support, flexibility, and resilience
    • Most abundant type
    • Location: trachea, larynx, articular ends of bones,
    epiphyseal plate, nose, costal cartilage
  2. Elastic cartilage (chondrocytes)
    • Similar to hyaline cartilages, but contain elastic fibers
    • Location: ear, epiglottis, eustachian tube
  3. Fibrocartilage (chondrocytes)
    • Collagen fibers—have great tensile strength
    • Location: IVD, pubic symphysis, menisci
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10
Q

What does Hyaline cartilage (chondrocytes = maintain matrix) do?

A

Provide support, flexibility, and resilience

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11
Q

Provide support, flexibility, and resilience

A

Hyaline cartilage (chondrocytes = maintain matrix)

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12
Q

Similar to hyaline cartilages, but contain elastic fibers

A

Elastic cartilage (chondrocytes)

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13
Q

Fibrocartilage (chondrocytes)

A

Collagen fibers—have great tensile strength

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14
Q

Collagen fibers—have great tensile strength

A

Fibrocartilage (chondrocytes)

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15
Q 
Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as
• Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, 
and tendons
Joint surfaces
 Conduits for blood vessels and nerves
A

Bone Marking

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16
Q

Dense outer layer

A

Compact bone

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17
Q

Honeycomb of trabeculae

A

Spongy (cancellous) bone

18
Q

Compact bone collar surrounds medullary (marrow)
cavity
Medullary cavity in adults contains fat (yellow marrow)

A

Diaphysis (shaft)

19
Q 
Expanded ends 
Spongy bone interior 
Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth plate) 
 Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint surfaces
A

Epiphyses

20
Q

“Open” growth plate of hyaline cartilage where interstitial

growth occurs

A

Epiphyseal Plate

21
Q

“Closed” growth plate (remnant of epiphyseal plate).

A

Epiphyseal Line

22
Q

Composed of an outer fibrous layer
and an inner osteogenic layer

  1. (bone-forming cells)?
  2. (bone-destroying cells)?
  3. cells (stem cells)?
A

Periosteum

  1. Osteoblasts
  2. Osteoclasts
  3. Osteogenic
23
Q

Delicate membrane on internal surfaces of
bone
Contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts

A

Endosteum

24
Q

covers compact bone on the

outside

A

Periosteum

25
Q

covers spongy bone within

A

Endosteum

26
Q

called diploë in flat bones

Bone marrow between the trabeculae

A

Spongy bone

27
Q

Stem cells in periosteum and endosteum

that give rise to osteoblasts

A

Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells

28
Q

Bone-forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

29
Q

Mature bone cells: maintain bone matrix

A

Osteocytes

30
Q

Cells that break down (resorb) bone matrix

•“Pack Man Cells”

A

Osteoclasts

31
Q

Column-like rings matrix tubes

A

Lamellae

32
Q 
Contains NAVL  (nerves, arteries, veins and 
lymphatics)
A

Central (Haversian) canal

33
Q

At right angles to the central canal
Connects blood vessels and nerves of the
periosteum and central canal

A

Volkmann’s canals

34
Q

small cavities that contain living

osteocytes

A

Lacunae

35
Q

hairlike canals that connect

lacunae to each other and the central canal

A

Canaliculi

36
Q

Contain irregularly arranged lamellae,
osteocytes, and canaliculi: lattice-like structure
• Align along lines of stress

A

Trabeculae

37
Q

Produce all blood cells

A

Red Bone Marrow

38
Q

Osteogenic cells, osteoblasts,

osteocytes, osteoclasts

A

cells

39
Q

organic bone matrix secreted

by osteoblasts

A

osteoid

40
Q

Hydroxyapatite (mineral salts) contains

A

Anatomy (11 decks)

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