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Anatomy > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

The ANS consists of motor neurons that:

A 
Innervate smooth and cardiac muscle and 
glands
Make adjustments to ensure optimal support 
for body activities
Operate via subconscious control
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2
Q

Somatic and Autonomic Nervous
Systems

The two systems differ in

A
  1. Effectors
  2. Efferent pathways (and their
    neurotransmitters)
  3. Target organ responses to
    neurotransmitters
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3
Q 
Somatic nervous system = Skeletal 
muscles ONLY
ANS =   a. Cardiac muscle
b. Smooth muscle
c. Glands

What are they?

A

Effectors

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4
Q

Somatic nervous system = one thick,
heavily myelinated somatic motor fiber
makes up each pathway from the CNS to
the muscle

A

Efferent Pathways

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5
Q 
ANS pathway is a two-neuron chain
1.Preganglionic neuron (in CNS) has a 
thin, lightly myelinated preganglionic 
axon
2.Postganglionic neuron in autonomic 
ganglion has an unmyelinated
A

Efferent Pathways

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6
Q

Somatic nervous system = All somatic motor
neurons release acetylcholine (ACh)
Effects are always stimulatory!!

A

Neurotransmitter Effects

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7
Q 
ANS
Preganglionic fibers release ACh
Postganglionic fibers release 
norepinephrine or ACh at effectors
Effect is either stimulatory or inhibitory, 
depending on type of receptors
A

Neurotransmitter Effects

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8
Q

2
Preganglionic = Ach
Postganglionic =
Ach & NE

A

ANS (Motor neurons)

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9
Q

Somatic (Motor Neurons)

A

1

Ach only

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10
Q

ANS (Effectors smooth & cardiac muscle glands)

A

Smooth & Cardiac

muscle; Glands

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11
Q

Somatic (Effector)

A

Skeletal muscle

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12
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC

Nerves emerge from _____
region of brain or spinal cord

A

craniosacral

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13
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC
___preganglionic fibers (synapse
close to or within target organ)
__- postganglionic fibers

A

long

short

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14
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC

neurotransmitters =

A

ACh only

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15
Q

Parasympathetic

____ effect

A

localized

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16
Q

physiological effects = ______
____ = increases salivation,
lacrimation, urination, defecation and digestion

A

“rest and digest”;

“SLUDD”

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17
Q

3 things/structures it decreases = ___

rate, airways (constriction) and pupils (restriction)

A

heart

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17
Q

3 things/structures it decreases = ___

rate, airways (constriction) and pupils (restriction)

A

heart

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18
Q

Cranial Part of Parasympathetic

Division:

A

CN’s 3, 7, 9 & 10

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19
Q

 Serves pelvic organs and distal half of large
intestine
 From neurons in lateral gray matter / horns of
S2-S4
 Axons travel in ventral root of spinal nerves
 Synapse with
 Ganglia in pelvic floor
 Intramural ganglia in walls of distal half of large
intestine, urinary bladder, ureters, and reproductive
organs

A

Sacral Part of Parasympathetic

Division

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20
Q

Sympathetic

nerves emerge from _____ region

A

thoracolumbar

21
Q

Sympathetic
______ preganglionic fibers (cell bodies in
lateral gray horns)
____postganglionic fibers (cell bodies in
paravertebral chain)

A

short

long

22
Q

Sympathetic
neurotransmitters
preganglionic = ____________
postganglionic =__________

A

Ach (just like
Parasympathetic)
NE ** (except sweat
glands = ACh)

23
Q

Some preganglionic fibers pass directly to
the adrenal medulla without synapsing
Upon stimulation, the adrenal medulla
secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine into
the blood

A

Pathways with Synapses in the Adrenal

Medulla

24
Q

Parasympathetic (Origin)

A

Craniosacral

25
Q

Sympathetic (Origin)

A

Thoracolumbar

26
Q

Parasympathetic (Fibers)

A

LONG
Preganglionic
SHORT
Postganglionic

27
Q

Sympathetic (fibers)

A

SHORT
Preganglionic
LONG
Postganglionic

28
Q

Parasympathetic (Neurotransmitte

rs)

A

ACh

29
Q

Sympathetic (Neurotransmitte

rs)

A

ACh NE

30
Q

Parasympathetic (Distance)

A

Local Effects

31
Q

Sympathetic (Distance)

A

Widespread Effects

32
Q

Parasympathetic (Phycological effects)

A

“Rest and Digest”

“SLUDD”

33
Q

Sympathetic (Physiological

Effects)

A

“Fight or Flight”

“E’s”

34
Q

All postganglionic neurons (1st synapse area
of both sympathetic and parasympathetic)
Hormone-producing cells of the adrenal
medulla
Effect of ACh at nicotinic receptors is always
excitatory

A

Nicotinic Receptors

34
Q

All postganglionic neurons (1st synapse area
of both sympathetic and parasympathetic)
Hormone-producing cells of the adrenal
medulla
Effect of ACh at nicotinic receptors is always
excitatory

A

Nicotinic Receptors

35
Q

Found on
All effector cells (2nd synapse) stimulated
by parasympathetic fibers
The effect of ACh at muscarinic receptors
Can be either inhibitory or excitatory
Depends on the receptor type of the target
organ

A

Muscarinic Receptors

36
Q

generally excitatory: located on
virtually all sympathetic organs and radial muscles
of the pupil to dilate the pupil, constrict blood
vessels to skin, digestive organs; excitatory to
constrict visceral organ sphincters

A

α1 receptors

37
Q

generally inhibitory: inhibit insulin

release from the pancreas.

A

α2 receptors

38
Q 
generally excitatory predominately located 
in the heart to increase heart rate and the kidneys to 
release Renin (a vasoconstrictor).
A

β1 receptors

39
Q

generally inhibitory: located in the lungs
inhibit smooth muscle of bronchioles and thus dilate
bronchioles; dilate blood vessels to skeletal muscles and
heart, liver to increase blood delivery; relax smooth muscle
of gastrointestinal tract and uterus to decrease movement
through that tube.

A

β2 receptors

40
Q

found in the fat cells of the body (thus

thermogenesis) to stimulate lipolysis

A

β3 receptors

41
Q

controls blood

pressure, even at rest

A

Sympathetic division

42
Q

Keeps the blood vessels in a continual
state of partial constriction(similar to
muscle tone)

A

Sympathetic tone (vasomotor tone)

43
Q 
Sympathetic fibers fire more rapidly to 
constrict blood vessels and cause blood 
pressure to rise 
Sympathetic fibers fire less rapidly and thus 
to prompt vessels to dilate to decrease 
blood pressure
A

Sympathetic Tone

44
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_ division normally 
dominates the heart and smooth muscle 
of digestive and urinary tract organs
Slows the heart
Dictates normal activity levels of the 
digestive and urinary tracts
A

Parasympathetic Tone

45
Q 
The sympathetic division can override 
these effects during times of stress
Drugs that block parasympathetic responses 
increase heart rate and block fecal and 
urinary retention
A

Parasympathetic Tone

45
Q 
The sympathetic division can override 
these effects during times of stress
Drugs that block parasympathetic responses 
increase heart rate and block fecal and 
urinary retention
A

Parasympathetic Tone

46
Q

short-
lived, highly localized control over
effectors

A

Parasympathetic division

47
Q

long-lasting,

body wide effects

A

Sympathetic division

48
Q

= main integrative

center of ANS activity

A

Hypothalamus

49
Q 
Subconscious cerebral input via limbic 
lobe connections influences 
hypothalamic function
Other controls come from the cerebral 
cortex, the reticular formation, and the 
spinal cord
A

Control of ANS Functioning

Anatomy (11 decks)

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