BOHA - 8 Flashcards
what are 4 costs of group living?
1) sharing resources
2) parasites/disease
3) predation risk - more likely to be seen
4) more competition for resources
what are 4 benefits of group living?
1) predation - safety in numbers
2) easier to find a mate
3) communal care of offspring
4) improved foraging efficiency
whats an example of the cost of group living in cliff swallows?
- they suffer from blood sucking bug
- chicks grow slower with this parasite
what is an example of a benefit of group living in guillemots?
- they breed in dense groups
- helps to protect they chicks from predation by large sea birds as they live on open rocks
what is an example of an atruistic act in ground squirrels?
- they give alarm calls when they see predators
- alarm calling is risky
what type of selection are altruistic and selfish acts?
selfish = direct selection altruistic = indirect selection
who is responsible for the concept of kin selection?
william hamilton
what is kin selection?
natural selection in which an apparently disadvantageous characteristic (especially altruistic behaviour) increases in the population due to increased survival of individuals genetically related to those possessing the characteristic
what type of selection is a behavioural act favoured by selection that involves parents and offspring?
individual/direct selection
what type of selection is a behavioural act favoured due to its beneficial effect on non-descendent kin?
kin/indirect selection
what is inclusive fitness?
an individuals total contribution of genes to the next generation - those conferred both directly and indirectly
what is the equation which defines the condition when altruistic behaviour evolves?
rB>C