Body Systems Flashcards
What is the skeletal system made up of?
Bone
Tendon
Ligaments
Cartilage
Joints
What 3 muscle types make up the muscular system?
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
What makes up the upper airway?
Nostrils
Sinus cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
What makes up the lower airway?
Trachea
Lungs
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Blood returning from the body enters what side and area of the heart?
Right atrium
What contracts to pump blood to the lungs?
Right ventricle
Once blood is fully oxygenated and returns to the heart where does it enter?
Left atrium
What part of the lungs exchanges gas?
Alveoli
When blood returns from the body to the right side of the heart, how does it get there (veins or arteries)
Veins
Blood is pumped to body through what?
Arteries
What side of the heart receives from veins?
Right
What benefits can massage bring to cardiovascular system?
Relaxes and dialates blood vessels
Improve blood circulation
What benefits can massage bring to respiratory system?
Relaxes diaphragm
Helps breathing
Increases metabolism in lungs
What are the parts of digestive system?
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
What are the three parts of the stomach?
- Saccus caecus
- Fundic
- Pyloric
What happens in stomach if no food is present for acid to break down?
Stomach ulcers
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
What are the 5 parts of the large intestine?
- Cecum
- Large colon
- Small colon
- Rectum
- Anus
What is the start of the colon?
Cecum
Where does twisted gut usually occur in the large intestine?
Large colon
How long does digestive process take?
36-72 hours
What are some massage benefits for digestive system?
Relax peristasis
Rest and digest
Relieve gas or colic
What is included in the urinary system?
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Where does the urinary system begin?
Connection with kidneys that filter blood and remove waste. Waste is then sent to ureters
What are the filters called in the kidneys?
Nephrons
What two parts make up a nephron?
Glomerulus
Proximal tubule
What does a renal corpuscle consist of?
Glomerulus and bowman’s capsule
What does a renal tubule consist of?
Proximal tubule
Loop of henle
Distal tubule
What are some massage benefits for the urinary system?
Promotes excretion
Helps reduce water retention
Increases urine output
What makes up the integumentary system?
Skin
Hair
Hoofed
Sensory nerve endings
Oil and sweat glands
What is the largest organ in the body?
Skin
What are the 3 major layers of the skin?
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous
What cells does the epidermis have?
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells
What is dermis made up of?
Fibrous proteins (collagen, reticulum, elastin)
Water
Gel called ground substance
What does the SQ consist of?
SQ fat
Muscles
What are some massage benefits for integumentary system?
Stimulates healthy skin
Improves skin condition
Enhance tissue repair
How long is a mare pregnant?
11 months
What are the three main sections of the brain?
Brain stem
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
What are meninges?
Specialized tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord
What is cerebral spinal fluid?
Fluid that surrounds and protects brain and spinal cord
What nervous system do cranial nerves belong to?
Peripheral nervous system
What nervous system do cranial nerves belong to?
Peripheral nervous system
Where do cranial nerves originate?
The brain
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12 pair
Where do spinal nerves originate?
The spinal cord
Where do spinal nerves go throughout the body?
Each vertebral section (cervical thoracic ext)
What three pats make up a neuron?
Dendrites
Soma/cell body
Axon
What part of a neuron receives signal to body?
Dendrite
What part of a neuron takes electrical charge away from body?
Axon
What is myelination?
Protects and insulates axons
What cells are myelin made of?
Glial cells
What is a oligodenrocyte?
Glial cell that forms the myelin of the CNS
What is a Schwann cell?
Glial cell that forms around myelin sheath around axon in peripheral nervous system
What do exteroreceptors do? (Nerves)
Gain info from outside world
What do interceptors do? (Nerves)
Gain info from inside the body
What are the 4 types of sensory receptors?
- Mechanoreceptors
- Chemoreceptors
- Thermoreceptors
- Photoreceptors
What is a nociceptor?
Pain receptor
What are the 4 mechanoreceptors?
- Pacinian corpuscle
- Merkel disc
- Meissners corpuscle
- Ruffinis corpuscle
That three components make up the connective tissue matrix?
1.cells
2. Ground substance
3. Fibers
What 3 types of the connective tissue fibers are there?
Collagen
Elastic
Reticular
What are the 6 types of connective tissue?
- Loose connective tissue
- Dense connective tissue
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Blood
- Lymph
What types of cartilage are there?
Elastic
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
What cartilage is found where ribs attach to sternum?
Elastic cartilage
What cartilage is found on joint ends?
Hyaline cartilage
What is fascia moving from gel like state to liquid state then back again called?
Thixotropic
What does the lymphatic system consist of?
Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymph fluid
Lymph organs
What are the lymphatic system organs?
Spleen
Thymus
Bone marrow
Peyer patches is SI
Lymphoid tissue in pharynx