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Module #3: Intergrative Foundations > Body Systems > Flashcards

Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the skeletal system made up of?

A

Bone
Tendon
Ligaments
Cartilage
Joints

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2
Q

What 3 muscle types make up the muscular system?

A

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

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3
Q

What makes up the upper airway?

A

Nostrils
Sinus cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

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4
Q

What makes up the lower airway?

A

Trachea
Lungs
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

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5
Q

Blood returning from the body enters what side and area of the heart?

A

Right atrium

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6
Q

What contracts to pump blood to the lungs?

A

Right ventricle

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7
Q

Once blood is fully oxygenated and returns to the heart where does it enter?

A

Left atrium

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8
Q

What part of the lungs exchanges gas?

A

Alveoli

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9
Q

When blood returns from the body to the right side of the heart, how does it get there (veins or arteries)

A

Veins

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10
Q

Blood is pumped to body through what?

A

Arteries

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11
Q

What side of the heart receives from veins?

A

Right

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12
Q

What benefits can massage bring to cardiovascular system?

A

Relaxes and dialates blood vessels
Improve blood circulation

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13
Q

What benefits can massage bring to respiratory system?

A

Relaxes diaphragm
Helps breathing
Increases metabolism in lungs

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14
Q

What are the parts of digestive system?

A

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus

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15
Q

What are the three parts of the stomach?

A
  1. Saccus caecus
  2. Fundic
  3. Pyloric
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16
Q

What happens in stomach if no food is present for acid to break down?

A

Stomach ulcers

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17
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
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18
Q

What are the 5 parts of the large intestine?

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Large colon
  3. Small colon
  4. Rectum
  5. Anus
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19
Q

What is the start of the colon?

A

Cecum

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20
Q

Where does twisted gut usually occur in the large intestine?

A

Large colon

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21
Q

How long does digestive process take?

A

36-72 hours

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22
Q

What are some massage benefits for digestive system?

A

Relax peristasis
Rest and digest
Relieve gas or colic

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23
Q

What is included in the urinary system?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

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24
Q

Where does the urinary system begin?

A

Connection with kidneys that filter blood and remove waste. Waste is then sent to ureters

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25
What are the filters called in the kidneys?
Nephrons
26
What two parts make up a nephron?
Glomerulus Proximal tubule
27
What does a renal corpuscle consist of?
Glomerulus and bowman’s capsule
28
What does a renal tubule consist of?
Proximal tubule Loop of henle Distal tubule
29
What are some massage benefits for the urinary system?
Promotes excretion Helps reduce water retention Increases urine output
30
What makes up the integumentary system?
Skin Hair Hoofed Sensory nerve endings Oil and sweat glands
31
What is the largest organ in the body?
Skin
32
What are the 3 major layers of the skin?
Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous
33
What cells does the epidermis have?
Keratinocytes Melanocytes Langerhans cells Merkel cells
34
What is dermis made up of?
Fibrous proteins (collagen, reticulum, elastin) Water Gel called ground substance
35
What does the SQ consist of?
SQ fat Muscles
36
What are some massage benefits for integumentary system?
Stimulates healthy skin Improves skin condition Enhance tissue repair
37
How long is a mare pregnant?
11 months
38
What are the three main sections of the brain?
Brain stem Cerebrum Cerebellum
39
What are meninges?
Specialized tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord
40
What is cerebral spinal fluid?
Fluid that surrounds and protects brain and spinal cord
41
What nervous system do cranial nerves belong to?
Peripheral nervous system
42
What nervous system do cranial nerves belong to?
Peripheral nervous system
43
Where do cranial nerves originate?
The brain
44
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12 pair
45
Where do spinal nerves originate?
The spinal cord
46
Where do spinal nerves go throughout the body?
Each vertebral section (cervical thoracic ext)
47
What three pats make up a neuron?
Dendrites Soma/cell body Axon
48
What part of a neuron receives signal to body?
Dendrite
49
What part of a neuron takes electrical charge away from body?
Axon
50
What is myelination?
Protects and insulates axons
51
What cells are myelin made of?
Glial cells
52
What is a oligodenrocyte?
Glial cell that forms the myelin of the CNS
53
What is a Schwann cell?
Glial cell that forms around myelin sheath around axon in peripheral nervous system
54
What do exteroreceptors do? (Nerves)
Gain info from outside world
55
What do interceptors do? (Nerves)
Gain info from inside the body
56
What are the 4 types of sensory receptors?
1. Mechanoreceptors 2. Chemoreceptors 3. Thermoreceptors 4. Photoreceptors
57
What is a nociceptor?
Pain receptor
58
What are the 4 mechanoreceptors?
1. Pacinian corpuscle 2. Merkel disc 3. Meissners corpuscle 4. Ruffinis corpuscle
59
That three components make up the connective tissue matrix?
1.cells 2. Ground substance 3. Fibers
60
What 3 types of the connective tissue fibers are there?
Collagen Elastic Reticular
61
What are the 6 types of connective tissue?
1. Loose connective tissue 2. Dense connective tissue 3. Bone 4. Cartilage 5. Blood 6. Lymph
62
What types of cartilage are there?
Elastic Hyaline Fibrocartilage
63
What cartilage is found where ribs attach to sternum?
Elastic cartilage
64
What cartilage is found on joint ends?
Hyaline cartilage
65
What is fascia moving from gel like state to liquid state then back again called?
Thixotropic
66
What does the lymphatic system consist of?
Lymph vessels Lymph nodes Lymph fluid Lymph organs
67
What are the lymphatic system organs?
Spleen Thymus Bone marrow Peyer patches is SI Lymphoid tissue in pharynx

Module #3: Intergrative Foundations (18 decks)

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