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Module #3: Intergrative Foundations > Body Systems > Flashcards

Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the skeletal system made up of?

A

Bone
Tendon
Ligaments
Cartilage
Joints

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2
Q

What 3 muscle types make up the muscular system?

A

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

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3
Q

What makes up the upper airway?

A

Nostrils
Sinus cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

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4
Q

What makes up the lower airway?

A

Trachea
Lungs
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

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5
Q

Blood returning from the body enters what side and area of the heart?

A

Right atrium

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6
Q

What contracts to pump blood to the lungs?

A

Right ventricle

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7
Q

Once blood is fully oxygenated and returns to the heart where does it enter?

A

Left atrium

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8
Q

What part of the lungs exchanges gas?

A

Alveoli

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9
Q

When blood returns from the body to the right side of the heart, how does it get there (veins or arteries)

A

Veins

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10
Q

Blood is pumped to body through what?

A

Arteries

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11
Q

What side of the heart receives from veins?

A

Right

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12
Q

What benefits can massage bring to cardiovascular system?

A

Relaxes and dialates blood vessels
Improve blood circulation

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13
Q

What benefits can massage bring to respiratory system?

A

Relaxes diaphragm
Helps breathing
Increases metabolism in lungs

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14
Q

What are the parts of digestive system?

A

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus

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15
Q

What are the three parts of the stomach?

A
  1. Saccus caecus
  2. Fundic
  3. Pyloric
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16
Q

What happens in stomach if no food is present for acid to break down?

A

Stomach ulcers

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17
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
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18
Q

What are the 5 parts of the large intestine?

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Large colon
  3. Small colon
  4. Rectum
  5. Anus
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19
Q

What is the start of the colon?

A

Cecum

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20
Q

Where does twisted gut usually occur in the large intestine?

A

Large colon

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21
Q

How long does digestive process take?

A

36-72 hours

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22
Q

What are some massage benefits for digestive system?

A

Relax peristasis
Rest and digest
Relieve gas or colic

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23
Q

What is included in the urinary system?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

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24
Q

Where does the urinary system begin?

A

Connection with kidneys that filter blood and remove waste. Waste is then sent to ureters

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25
Q

What are the filters called in the kidneys?

A

Nephrons

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26
Q

What two parts make up a nephron?

A

Glomerulus
Proximal tubule

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27
Q

What does a renal corpuscle consist of?

A

Glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

28
Q

What does a renal tubule consist of?

A

Proximal tubule
Loop of henle
Distal tubule

29
Q

What are some massage benefits for the urinary system?

A

Promotes excretion
Helps reduce water retention
Increases urine output

30
Q

What makes up the integumentary system?

A

Skin
Hair
Hoofed
Sensory nerve endings
Oil and sweat glands

31
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

Skin

32
Q

What are the 3 major layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous

33
Q

What cells does the epidermis have?

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

34
Q

What is dermis made up of?

A

Fibrous proteins (collagen, reticulum, elastin)
Water
Gel called ground substance

35
Q

What does the SQ consist of?

A

SQ fat
Muscles

36
Q

What are some massage benefits for integumentary system?

A

Stimulates healthy skin
Improves skin condition
Enhance tissue repair

37
Q

How long is a mare pregnant?

A

11 months

38
Q

What are the three main sections of the brain?

A

Brain stem
Cerebrum
Cerebellum

39
Q

What are meninges?

A

Specialized tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord

40
Q

What is cerebral spinal fluid?

A

Fluid that surrounds and protects brain and spinal cord

41
Q

What nervous system do cranial nerves belong to?

A

Peripheral nervous system

42
Q

What nervous system do cranial nerves belong to?

A

Peripheral nervous system

43
Q

Where do cranial nerves originate?

A

The brain

44
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pair

45
Q

Where do spinal nerves originate?

A

The spinal cord

46
Q

Where do spinal nerves go throughout the body?

A

Each vertebral section (cervical thoracic ext)

47
Q

What three pats make up a neuron?

A

Dendrites
Soma/cell body
Axon

48
Q

What part of a neuron receives signal to body?

A

Dendrite

49
Q

What part of a neuron takes electrical charge away from body?

A

Axon

50
Q

What is myelination?

A

Protects and insulates axons

51
Q

What cells are myelin made of?

A

Glial cells

52
Q

What is a oligodenrocyte?

A

Glial cell that forms the myelin of the CNS

53
Q

What is a Schwann cell?

A

Glial cell that forms around myelin sheath around axon in peripheral nervous system

54
Q

What do exteroreceptors do? (Nerves)

A

Gain info from outside world

55
Q

What do interceptors do? (Nerves)

A

Gain info from inside the body

56
Q

What are the 4 types of sensory receptors?

A
  1. Mechanoreceptors
  2. Chemoreceptors
  3. Thermoreceptors
  4. Photoreceptors
57
Q

What is a nociceptor?

A

Pain receptor

58
Q

What are the 4 mechanoreceptors?

A
  1. Pacinian corpuscle
  2. Merkel disc
  3. Meissners corpuscle
  4. Ruffinis corpuscle
59
Q

That three components make up the connective tissue matrix?

A

1.cells
2. Ground substance
3. Fibers

60
Q

What 3 types of the connective tissue fibers are there?

A

Collagen
Elastic
Reticular

61
Q

What are the 6 types of connective tissue?

A
  1. Loose connective tissue
  2. Dense connective tissue
  3. Bone
  4. Cartilage
  5. Blood
  6. Lymph
62
Q

What types of cartilage are there?

A

Elastic
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage

63
Q

What cartilage is found where ribs attach to sternum?

A

Elastic cartilage

64
Q

What cartilage is found on joint ends?

A

Hyaline cartilage

65
Q

What is fascia moving from gel like state to liquid state then back again called?

A

Thixotropic

66
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

A

Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymph fluid
Lymph organs

67
Q

What are the lymphatic system organs?

A

Spleen
Thymus
Bone marrow
Peyer patches is SI
Lymphoid tissue in pharynx

Module #3: Intergrative Foundations (18 decks)

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