Body Fluids Flashcards
what are 3 organs that body fluids may enter?
lungs, stomach, and kidneys
what is blood?
- body’s only fluid tissue (connective tissue)
- 2 major components:
- liquid = plasma (55%)
- formed elements (45%)
- erythrocytes (red blood cells)
- leukocytes (white blood cells)
- platelets
plasma
the yellowish liquid portion of the blood that contains electrolytes, nutrients, vitamins, hormones, clotting factors, proteins such as antibodies to fight infection
- water (92%)
- solutes (8%)
plasma solutes
- proteins (7%)
- gas
- electrolytes
- organic nutrients
- hormones
- metabolic waste
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
most abundant cells in the body; produced in the bone marrow and contain protein called “hemoglobin” that carries oxygen to the cells
white blood cells (leukocytes)
part of the immune system & destroy infectious agents (pathogens)
platelets (thrombocytes)
clotting factors that are carried out by the plasma; clot together is a process called “coagulation” to seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood
hemoglobin
present: red blood cells
a complex protein consisting of a haem group (porphyrin) containing ferrous (Fe2+) iron & protein (globin)
functions of blood?
- deliver O2
- remove metabolic waste
maintain temperature, pH, & fluid volume - protection from blood loss- platelets
- prevent infection- antibodies & WBC
- transport hormones
regulating blood composition & fluid balance
- proteins:
- electrolytes
sodium, potassium, chlorine - minerals:
iron, copper - vitamins:
folate, B12 (hemoglobin synthesis)
vit. K (blood clotting)
bleeding disorders
impaired liver function:
- inability to synthesize procoagulants
- include vit. K deficiency, hepatitis, & cirrhosis (diseases
of the liver)
- the liver disease can prevent bile production -> impairing fat & vit. K absorption
RBC diseases
anemia: low O2 carrying capacity; insufficient RBC or iron deficiency
- factors- exercise, B12 deficiency
polycythemia: excess of erythrocytes
- caused by cancer, tissue hypoxia, dehydration
(caused at higher elevations)
blood doping: in athletes, remove blood 2 days before
event and then replace it
- epoetin- banned by Olympics
anemia
due to insufficient hemoglobin & hematocrit levels in the blood
- blood loss (women are at higher risk of anemia)
- decreased RBC production
- destruction of RBC
anemia: decreased hemoglobin content
iron deficiency:
- lack of intake of iron-containing foods
- impaired iron absorption
Pernicious anemia:
- deficiency of B12
- treatment is intramuscular injection of B12
anemia: abnormal hemoglobin
thalassemia: absent or faulty globin chain of
hemoglobin
- erythrocytes are thin & delicate
sickle cell anemia: results from a defective gene
- RBCs shaped in low O2 situations
- Codes for an abnormal hemoglobin called
hemoglobin S (HbS)
