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Medicine Unit 2 > Body fluid compartments > Flashcards

Body fluid compartments Flashcards

1
Q

total body water as a percentage of body weight

A

50-70%

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2
Q

correlation: body water and body fat

A

inverse correlation
females have a higher percentage of adipose tissue than males so have less body water

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3
Q

where is total body weight distributed

A

between 2 major compartments
intracellular
extracellular

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4
Q

intracellular fluid

A

contained within the cells
2/3 of the total body water

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5
Q

extracellular fluid

A

outside the cells
1/3 of total body water
divided into plasma and interstitial fluid

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6
Q

divisions of extracellular fluid

A

1/4 plasma
3/4 interstitial fluid

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7
Q

plasma

A

fluid circulating in the blood vessels

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8
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid that bathes the cells

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9
Q

rule to remember the divisions of fluid compartments

A

60-40-20
60= water
40= ICF
20= ECF

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10
Q

components of ICF

A

potassium and magnesium are major cations
proteins, organic phosphates (ATP, ADP and AMP) are major anions

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11
Q

ECF components

A

major cation is sodium
major anions is chloride and bicarbonate

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12
Q

plasma components

A

55% blood volume
of which 93% is water and 7% is proteins q

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13
Q

interstitial fluid components

A

ultra filtrate of plasma
has nearly the same composition as plasma except plasma proteins and blood cells

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14
Q

what is the barrier between plasma and interstitial fluid

A

capillary wall

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15
Q

nature of the capillary wall

A

one layer of cells
pores between cells
water: freely permeable
small molecules, permeable
large molecules e.g. albumin, impermeable

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16
Q

what is the barrier between ECF and ICF

A

cell membrane

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17
Q

nature of the cell membrane

A

lipid bilayer
channels and carriers
freely permeable to water
relatively impermeable to ions
relatively impermeable to large molecules

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18
Q

lipid bilayer

A

repels water and anything dissolved n it

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19
Q

channels and carriers

A

membrane proteins that allow charged ions and water to cross

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20
Q

how do ions cross the cell membrane

A

via channels
very slowly
very small amounts

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21
Q

equivalent

A

used to describe the amount of charged solute
number of moles of the solute multiplied by its valence

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22
Q

osmole

A

number of particles in which a solute dissociates in solution

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23
Q

osmolarity

A

concentration of particles in solution expressed as osmoles per litre

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24
Q

what does it mean if a solute doesn’t dissolve in solution

A

then its osmolarity is equal to its molarity

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25
if solute dissolves into more than one particle in solution then what Does that mean
then osmolarity is equal to molarity multiplied by number of particles in solution
26
osmolality
concentration os osmotically active particles expressed as osmoses per kilogram of water
27
principle of macroscopic electroneutrality
each compartment must have the same concentration of cations and anions
28
how to maintain concentration differences across cell membranes
sodium potassium pump Calcium ATPase
29
why is maintaining a concentration different across membranes important
as the differences between ICF and ECF underlie important physiologic functions
30
important physiologic functions that rely on concentration differences in ICF and ECF
resting membrane potential of nerve and muscle upstroke of the action potential of excitable cels excitation-contraction coupling in muscle cells absorption of essential nutrients
31
concentration differences between plasma and interstitial fluids
presence in proteins in the plasma compartment plasma proteins do not cross the capillary walls because of their large molecular size presence of albumin: A- in plasma
32
what are starling forces
pressures that control fluid movement across the capillary wall oncotic and hydrostatic pressures
33
net movement of water out of capillaries
filtration
34
net movement into the capillaries
absorption
35
Pc
capillary hydrostatic pressure fluid out of the capillaries
36
pi c
capillary oncotic pressure fluid into the capillaries
37
Pi
interstitial hydrostatic pressure fluid into the capillaries
38
pi i
interstitial oncotic pressure fluid out of the capillaries
39
sigma
reflection coefficient ranging between 0 and 1 describes with ease with which a solute crosses a membrane
40
Kf
filtration coefficient
41
net filtration equation
Kf[(Pc-Pi) - sigma(pi c - pi i)]
42
simple diffusion
passive transport down concentration gradient not carrier mediated doesn't use metabolic energy isn't dependent on Na+ gradient
43
facilitated diffusion
passive down concentration gradient is carrier mediated doesn't use metabolic energy doesn't depend on Na+ gradient
44
primary active transport
active up concentration gradient is carrier mediated directly uses metabolic energy isn't dependent on Na+ gradient
45
cotransport
secondary active is carrier mediated indirectly uses metabolic energy solutes move in the same direction as Na+ across the cell membrane
46
counter transport
secondary active is carrier mediated indirectly uses metabolic energy solutes move in the opposite direction as Na+ across the cell membrane
47
secondary active
Na+ is transported down concentration gradient and one or more solutes are transported up
48
downhill
substances transported down an electrochemical gradient
49
uphill
substances transported against an electrochemical gradient
50
how does downhill transport occur
diffusion: simple or facilitated requires no metabolic energy
51
how does uphill transport occur
active transport, either primary or secondary requires metabolic energy
52
what do carrier mediated transport mechanisms have in common
need protein carrier saturation stereospecificity competition
53
saturation
carrier proteins have a limited number of binding site for the solute
54
stereospecificity
binding sites for solute on the transport proteins are stereospecific
55
competition
although binding sites are specific they may recognise bind and even transport chemically related solutes
56
brownian motion
random dispersion of molecules from high to low concentration
57
diffusion occurs until it reaches what
same concentration on both sides dynamic equilibrium
58
osmosis
flow of water across a semipermeable membrane because of differences in solute concentration concentration differences of impermeant solutes establish osmotic pressure differences osmotic pressure differences causes water to flow by osmosis
59
diffusion VS osmosis, diffusion points
can occur if both solute and solvent can pass through a permeable membrane can occur in the absence of a permeable membrane solute particles move form an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
60
diffusion VS osmosis, osmosis points.
creates a pressure that can be measured occurs when only solvent can pass through aa semi permeable membrane solvent particles move across a semipermeable membrane from dilute to concentrated solution
61
example of facilitated diffusion
transport of D-glucose into skeletal muscle by GLUT4 transporter
62
example of primary active transport
sodium potassium pump
63
what maintains the Na+ gradient in secondary active transport
sodium potassium pump
64
examples of secondary active transport
cotransport/ symport counter transport/ antiport
65
what happens if isotonic solution is added to ECF
osmolarity of ECF doesn't change main effect is an increase in ECF volume
66
what happens if hypertonic solution is added to ECF
osmolarity increases causes osmosis of water out of the cells and into the ECF almost all added NaCl remains in the ECF, fluid diffuses from cells into extracellular space, achieve osmotic equilibrium net effect: increase in ECF volume, decrease in ICF volume, rise in osmolarity in both
67
what happens is hypotonic solution is added to the ECf
osmolarity of ECF decreases some of the ECF water diffuses into the cells until the ICF and ECF have the same osmolarity both ICF and ECF volumes are increased, ICF increases to a greater extent

Medicine Unit 2 (28 decks)

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