Anatomy: Fore-gut

Question 1

name the digestive organs proximal to distal in the foregut

Answer 1

teeth and salivary glands
pharynx
stomach
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
large intestine
rectum
anus

Question 2

what are the parts of the pharynx

Answer 2

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 3

parts of the laryngopharynx

Answer 3

posterior -> oesophagus
anterior -> air

Question 4

name some of the accessory organs to digestion

Answer 4

salivary glands
iver
gall bladder
pancreas

Question 5

what is in the image

Answer 5

parotid salivary glands

Question 6

what is in the image

Answer 6

submandibular glands

Question 7

what is in the image

Answer 7

sublingual salivary glands

Question 8

what is in the image

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

what is in the image

Answer 9

gall bladder

Question 10

what is in the image

Answer 10

pancreas

Question 11

intraperitoneal

Answer 11

organs completed covered by peritoneum
e.g. stomach, jejunum and ileum also examples of visceral peritoneum

Question 12

retroperitoneal

Answer 12

organs pushed posteriorly by peritoneal layer
peritoneum on th anterior surface only

Question 13

what is the mesentery

Answer 13

where the peritoneum pinches

Question 14

what is in the image

Answer 14

greater omentum

Question 15

what is in the image

Answer 15

less omentum

Question 16

greater omentum

Answer 16

continuous fold
from the greater curvature of the stomach
folds down on itself
back to the transverse colon

Question 17

lesser omentum

Answer 17

from the lesser curvature of the stomach
has two distinct parts: the hepatogastric ligament and the hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 18

what is in the image

Answer 18

hepatogastric ligament
from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 19

what is in the image

Answer 19

hepatoduodenal ligament
from the liver to the duodenum

Question 20

what is in the image

Answer 20

ascending aorta
found at the base of the heart

Question 21

what is in the image

Answer 21

descending aorta
occurs at T4
subdivides into thoracic and abdomen by the diaphragm

Question 22

what is in the image

Answer 22

where aorta conjugates with diaphragm
at T10

Question 23

which branch of the aorta supplies to the foregut

Answer 23

the coeliac trunk

Question 24

3 branches of the coeliac trunk

Answer 24

left gastric artery
common hepatic artery
splenic artery

Question 25

what is in the image and where does it supply to

Answer 25

the left gastric artery lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 26

what is in the image and where does it supply to

Answer 26

common hepatic artery liver, gallbladder,pancreas head

Question 27

what is in the image and where does it supply to

Answer 27

splenic artery spleen and pancreas

Question 28

what are the other branches of the aorta

Answer 28

superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric

Question 29

where does the superior mesenteric artery supply to

Answer 29

the abdomen and midgut

Question 30

where does the inferior mesenteric supply to

Answer 30

the large intestine

Question 31

innervation of the foregut

Answer 31

sympathetic nerves arise from the spinal cord parasympathetic nerves arise inferiorly from the spinal cord/brainstem

Question 32

parasympathetic supply to the foregut

Answer 32

vagus nerve coeliac ganglion all pass along the coeliac trunk

Question 33

sympathetic supply to the foregut

Answer 33

sympathetic chain ganglion connect via the sympathetic trunk branches arise which are the thoracic splanchnic nerves synapse in the ganglion

Question 34

what is in this image

Answer 34

vagus nerve

Question 35

what is in the image

Answer 35

sympathetic chain ganglion

Question 36

what is in the image

Answer 36

thoracic splanchnic

Question 37

where does the oesophagus run

Answer 37

from the cricoid cartilage at C6 to the cardiac orifice of the stomach at T11 down into the superior mediastinum of the thorax between T1 and T4 enters the abdomen via the oesophageal hiatus

Question 38

layers of the oesophagus

Answer 38

adventitia muscularis externa submucosa mucosa

Question 39

what are the functions of the oesophagus

Answer 39

food moves by peristalsis

Question 40

adventitia

Answer 40

outer layer of connective tissue

Question 41

muscularis externa

Answer 41

external layer of longitudinal muscle and inner layer circular muscle superior third: voluntary striated muscle middle third: voluntary striated and smooth muscle inferior third: smooth muscle

Question 42

mucosa

Answer 42

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 43

upper oesophageal sphincter

Answer 43

striated muscle sphincter junction between the pharynx and oesophagus produced by the cricopharyngeus

Question 44

lower oesophageal sphincter

Answer 44

located at the gastro-oesophageal junction situated to the left of the T11 vertebrae marked by the change from oesophageal to gastric mucosa physiological/ functional sphincter

Question 45

what is the lower oesophageal sphincter maintained by

Answer 45

the oesophagus entering the stomach at an acute angle