Blood vessels, Heart, WBCs, Lymph nodes, Spleen, Thymus Flashcards
Acute promyelocytic leukemia gene translocation
t (15;17) PML::RARA fusion
Chronic myeloid leukemia gene translocation
t (9;22) —>BRC:ABL1 fusion (Philadelphia chromosome)
Mantle cell lymphoma gene translocation
t (11;14) —> Cyclin D overexpression
Follicular lymphoma gene translocation
t (14;18) —> BCL2 overexpression (anti-apoptotic)
Marginal zone lymphoma gene translocation
t (11;18) antigen dependent lymphoid proliferation
Burkitt’s Lymphoma gene translocation
t (8;14) —> MYC overexpression
Lymphohistiocytic/popcorn cells
Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant HL
Least common HL of older men and HIV positive
Lymphocyte depleted HL
Biphasic age distribution HL
Mixed cellularity HL
Least favorable prognosis HL
Lymphocyte depleted HL
Most common HL
Nodular sclerosis HL
HL with incidence adolescents and young adults, M=F
Nodular sclerosis HL
Best prognosis HL
Worst prognosis HL
Nodular sclerosis HL
Lymphocyte depleted HL
Critical atherosclerotic stenosis occurs at ______% vessel occlusion
70-75%
Common site of involvement of atheromatous plaque
LICPIC
Lower abdominal aorta > Iliac arteries > Coronary arteries > Popliteal arteries > ICA > Circle of Willis
Disease wherein aneurysms can rupture at small sizes. This is brought about by inc TGF-B signaling due to mutations in TGF-B receptors, SMAD3, and TGF-B3
Loeys-Dietz Syndrome
Morphology of aortic aneurysm
Cystic medial degeneration: formation of areas devoid of elastin resembling cystic spaces
Common site of AAA
Between renal arteries
Bifurcation of aorta
What to suspect in a younger patient with aortic dissection
Marfan syndrome
Characteristic of chest pain in aortic dissection
Sudden knife like anterior chest pain radiating to the back
Large vessel vasculitis of adults and common vessels affected
Giant cell arteritis
gianTOVAng matanda
Temporal
Ophthalmic
Vertebral
Aorta
*Associated with polymyalgia rheumatica
Large vessel vasculitis of young people (<50 yo) and common vessels affected
Takayasu arteritis
Takayasu children are still full of CRAP
Coronary arteries
Renal arteries
Aortic Arch
Pulmonary arteries
Pulseless disease
Takayasu arteritis
Infection associated with Polyarteritis nodosa
Hepatitis B virus
Vessels affected in Polyarteritis nodosa
Wiwi bago kiligin, kain cake bago tae
Kidney > Heart > Liver > GIT
Morphology of polyarteritis nodosa
Immune complex mediated
Morphology:
Segmental, transmural necrotizing inflammation
Prominent fibrinoid necrosis
Different age of lesions
*no pulmonary involvement
Young child <4 years old with MI, what you gonna think?
Kawasaki disease
*anti-endothelial cell antibodies
Common vessel affected: Coronary arteries
Kawasaki dse mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
Fever >5 days
Bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection
Oral mucosal changes
Extremity changes
Cervical lymphadenopathy (>1.5 cm)
Polymorphous exanthem
A vasculitis with similar morphology with PAN but with SAME AGE OF LESIONS
Microscopic Polyangiitis (Hypersensitivity vasculitis)
*Small vessel vasculitis
*Immune complex mediated, MPO-ANCA
*Associated with Henoch-Schonlein purpura
*Kidney and lung vessels
*Leukocystoclasia
Classic triad of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/Churg-Strauss Syndrome
Asthma
Eosinophilia
Vasculitis
*Exaggerated allergic response, MPO ANCA
*Morphology same as PAN + extravascular necrotizing granulomas and eosinophils
*Skin, GIT, renal vessels
*FSGS and Cardiac involvement
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/Wegener granulomatosis
*Etiopathogenesis
*Common vessels affected
*Clinical features
*T-cell mediated, PR3-ANCA
*Lung, upper airways, Renal vessels
*Pneumonitis, sinusitis, renal dse (FSGS: nephrotic; crescenteric: nephritic)
Small vessel vasculitis associated with smoking, and common vessels affected
Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)
Vessels of the extremities: Radial, tibial
Morphology of Raynaud phenomenon
Fingers and toes affected
Red –> white –> blue (proximal vasodilation, central vasoconstriction, distal cyanosis)
Varicose vein statis dermatitis brawny induration is caused by?
cutaneous hemosiderin deposition
A sign seen in SVC syndrome
Pemberton sign
*raising of arms bilaterally –> facial plethora
SVC syndrome usually seen on lung carcinoma and mediastinal lymphoma
Most common etiology of lymphangitis
Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (S. pyogenes)
Brawny induration in lymphatic diseases is due to
hemolysis of extravasated red cells
Facial port wine stain along trigeminal nerve distribution
Sturge-Weber syndrome (Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis)
*GNAQ mutations
*Ipsilateral angiomas in cortical leptomeninges, intellectual disability, seizures, hemiplegia
Spider telangiectasia is associated with
Hyperestrogenic state
Characterized by congenital multiple telangiectasias in skin, mucous membranes, and visceral sites that may rupture and bleed
Osler-Weber-Rendu disease (Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia)
*Autosomal dominant, TGF-B mutations
Most common type of hemangioma
Capillary hemangioma
Pregnancy granuloma in gingiva of pregnant women, usually with hx of trauma
Lobular capillary hemangioma
1/3 of cavernous hemangiomas are found here
Liver
*Cavernous hemangiomas do not spontaneously regress, well-delineated but not encapsulated, may have intravascular thrombosis and dystrophic calcification, locally destructive, cosmetically disfifuring, compresses adjacent tissues, traumatic ulceration and bleeding
Etiology of Von-Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease
Inactivating VHL (Chromosome 3) mutations –> unopposed HIF1-a action –> HIF1-a target gene transcription –> tumor growth
*Hemangioblastomas
*Pheochromocytoma
*Paraganglionomas
*Clear cell Renal cell carcinoma
*Pancreatic serous cystadenomas
*Endolymphatic sac tumor
Cavernous lymphangioma (Cystic hygroma) is associated with
Turner syndrome (45XO)
Painful subungual small, reddish blue nodule
Glomus tumor
Earliest detectable feature of myocyte necrosis
Sarcolemmal membrane disruption (leaking of cardiac biomarkers)
Genetic cause of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Titin truncation
Dystrophin loss
Genetic cause of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Sarcomeric protein mutations
Ninja-star like nuclei
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Banana like configuration of left ventricular activity
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy with preserved ejection fraction
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy with reduced ejection fraction
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Leading cause of LVH unexplained by other pathologic causes
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
One of the most common causes of sudden, otherwise unexplained death in young atheletes
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Infectious Etiologic agents of myocarditis
Viruses: Coxsackie A and B virus
Protozoan: Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii
Bacteria: Corynebacterium diphtheriae, borrelia
Helminth: Trichinella spiralis
Most common primary tumor of the adult heart
Myxoma
Most common primary tumor of the pediatric heart
Rhabdomyoma
Most common site of myxoma
Left atrium
Most common site of rhabdomyoma
Ventricles
McCune-Albright syndrome
*Features
*gene mutation
Precocious puberty
Cafe au lait spots
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
*GNAS1 mutation
Carney syndrome
*Features
*gene mutation
NAME
•Nevi
•Atrial myxoma
•Myxoid neurofibroma
•Ephelides
LAMB
•Lentigines
•Atrial myxoma
•Mucocutaneous myxoma
•Blue nevi
PPKAR1A1 gene
Gene mutation in rhabdomyoma
TSC1(hamartin)
TSC2(tuberin)
*loss of function mutations
Spider cells
Rhabdomyoma
Most frequent sources of cardiac metastasis
LiBre Mo LeLy!
•Lung
•Breast
•Melanoma
•Leukemia
•Lymphoma
Postinfarction syndrome
Pericarditis weeks post MI (antibodies against injured pericardium)
Dressler syndrome
When does hematopoiesis start in humans?
19 days post fertilization
Most active and with highest cellularity among marrow sites in adults
Vertebrae
Marker of immature lymphoid process
(+)TdT
Most common cancer in children
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Most common cause of death in the 1st 24 hours of MI
Arrythmias
Most common cause of death within 3-7 days of MI
Myocardial rupture
*Free wall —> cardiac tamponade
*Interventricular septum —> VSD
*Papillary muscle —> post MI mitral regurgitation
Wide QRS complex that follows a short RR interval preceded by a long RR interval; associated with atrial fibrillation
Ashman phenomenon
ALL gene translocation
t (12:21) —> ETV6::RUNX1 fusion
Auer rods
APML
*needle like cytoplasmic azurophilic granules
Faggot cell
APML
Cell with numerous Auer rods
Leukemia that is responsive to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)
APML
Smudge cells
CLL
Proliferation centers: Aggregates of large, activated lymphocytes
SLL
Transformation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) to Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)
Richter syndrome
Sea blue histiocytes
Scattered macrophages with abundant wrinkled, green blue cytoplasm
CML
Leukocytosis with varying stages of neutrophil maturation (neutrophils and myelocytes dominant)
CML
Mutation in Hairy Cell Leukemia
BRAF V600E
Leukemia characterized by a dry tap on BMA
Hairy Cell Leukemia
(Due to marrow fibrosis)
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Clinical feature of APML
DIC
Mutation of Hodgkin Lymphoma
NF-KB activation (transcription factor) —> cellular proliferation and accrual of additional mutations
Reed Sternberg Cells
Hodgkin Lymphoma
MORPHOLOGY OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA: oval cells with basophilic cytoplasm and perinuclear hof, and eccentrically located nucleus with spokewheel chromatin without nucleolus
Plasma cells
Immunoglobulin inclusions in plasma cells of Multiple Myeloma: fiery red cytoplasm
Flame cells
Immunoglobulin inclusions in plasma cells of Multiple Myeloma: grape-like cytoplasmic inclusions
Mott cells
Immunoglobulin inclusions in plasma cells of Multiple Myeloma: globular cytoplasmic inclusions
Russell bodies
Immunoglobulin inclusions in plasma cells of Multiple Myeloma: globular nuclear inclusions
Dutcher bodies
Clinical features of Multiple Myeloma
> 10% Clonal bone marrow plasma cells
+
myeloma defining events (CRAB)
• hypercalcemia
• renal failure
• Anemia
• Bone lesiond
Blood smear of multiple myeloma
(+) Rouleaux formation
Serum protein electrophoresis of multiple myeloma
Monoclonal gammopathy (IgG)
Bence-Jones proteinuria
Multiple Myeloma
Cytogenic abnormalities of Myelodysplastic syndrome
del(5q), del(7q), chromosome 8 gain
Pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly
MDS: Granulocytic
Pseudo-Chediak-Higashi granules
MDS: granulocytic
Common mutation of Myeloproliferative neoplasms
JAK2 V617F
Fibrotic marrow space is converted into bone (Osteosclerosis)
Primary Myelofibrosis
Cells that can be seen in primary myelofibrosis due to squeezing from fibrotic marrow
Dacrocytes (teardrop cells)
Thymic follicular hyperplasia can be seen in this autoimmune disease
Myasthenia gravis
Most common thymic epithelial tumor
Thymoma
(At 5th-6th decades of life)
*With paraneoplastic syndromes (myasthenia gravis & pure red cell aplasia)
Most common histology of Thymic carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
*w/ keratin pearls
Thickened arterial wall with
homogenous pink, hyaline
material; seen in
hypertension, diabetes
mellitus
Hyaline arteriosclerosis
Concentric, laminated
thickening of the arterial wall
composed of smooth muscle
cells with thickened,
reduplicated basement
membrane or “onion-skin
lesion”; seen in severe HTN
Hyperplastic
arteriosclerosis
Non-modifiable risk factors
of atherosclerosis
Genetic abnormalities,
family history, increasing
age, male gender
Cytokine involved in the
development of aneurysm in
Marfan syndrome
TGF-β
Most common site of
abdominal aortic aneurysm
Between renal arteries and
bifurcation of aorta
Most common site of aortic
dissection
Ascending aorta within 10
cm of aortic valve
A 55-year-old woman
complains of headache
particularly on the temporal
area and blurring of vision.
She is also diagnosed with
polymyalgia rheumatica.
What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Giant cell arteritis or
temporal arteritis
Histologic finding observed
in temporal arteritis
Medial granulomatous
inflammation with T cells
and multinucleated giant
cells
Immune vasculitis that
occurs in individuals <50
years old characterized by
weakening of pulses in upper
limbs and ocular
disturbances.
Takayasu arteritis or
pulseless disease
A 3-year-old male presents
with a 5-day history of fever,
bilateral conjunctivitis, (+)
strawberry tongue, erythema
of the palms and soles,
polymorphous rash and
cervical lymphadenopathy.
Kawasaki disease
Most commonly involved
blood vessels in Kawasaki
disease
Coronary arteries
Persistent pneumonitis,
chronic sinusitis with saddle
nose deformity,
nasopharyngeal ulcers,
glomerulonephritis, (+) PR3-
ANCA/c-ANCA
Wegener granulomatosis
or granulomatosis with
polyangiitis
Large-vessel vasculitides
Takayasu arteritis,
temporal arteritis
Medium-vessel vasculitides
Kawasaki disease,
polyarteritis nodosa
Small-vessel vasculitides
Churg-Strauss syndrome,
Wegener granulomatosis,
Microscopic polyangiitis
Most likely diagnosis in a 60-
year-old heavy smoker who
presents with claudication,
Raynaud phenomenon, and
gangrenous lower extremity
Buerger disease or
thromboangiitis obliterans
Exaggerated vasoconstriction
of the fingers and toes in
response to cold or emotion;
secondary type is associated
with SLE, Scleroderma,
Buerger disease
Raynaud phenomenon
Most common etiology of
lymphangitis
Group A Beta-Hemolytic
Streptococci (GABHS)
Most common vascular
ectasia
Nevus flammeus
(Birthmark)
Most common type of
hemangioma
Capillary hemangioma
Age at which most cases of
juvenile hemangioma
regresses
7 years old
Type of lymphangioma
associated with Turner
syndrome
Cavernous lymphangioma
(Cystic hygroma)
Benign tumor from modified
smooth muscle cells of
arteriovenous structures
involved in
thermoregulation; subungual
in location
Glomus tumor
Clinical form of Kaposi
sarcoma that is common in
Mediterranean, Middle
Eastern, or Eastern European
descent (especially
Ashkenazi Jews) and has no
HIV association
Classic Kaposi sarcoma
Most sensitive and specific
endothelial marker for
angiosarcoma
ERG
Most common form of renal
disease in Churg-Strauss
syndrome
Focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis
Persistent asthma, allergic
rhinosinusitis, joint pains,
renal disease, eosinophilia,
(+) MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA
Churg-Strauss syndrome or
Eosinophilic
granulomatosis with
polyangiitis
Hemosiderin-laden
macrophages in the lungs
seen in long standing leftsided
heart failure
Heart failure cells
Hallmark of RSHF
Dependent edema
Most common genetic cause
of congenital heart disease
(CHD)
Trisomy 21
The phenomenon at which
L→R shunt becomes R→L
(shunt reversal) due to
pulmonary vascular
remodelling
Eisenmenger phenomenon
Most common CHD in adults
Atrial septal defect
Most common type of ASD
Secundum
Most common CHD (overall)
Ventricular septal defect
Most common type of VSD
Membranous
Most common cyanotic CHD
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Four components of
Tetralogy of Fallot
Large VSD, Right
ventricular outflow tract
obstruction, Aorta
overriding the VSD, Right
ventricular hypertrophy
Main determinant of outcome
or prognosis of TOF
Degree of RVOT
obstruction or pulmonic
stenosis
A known Turner syndrome
patient presents with lower
extremity cyanosis; CXR: rib
notching
Coarctation of the Aorta
Most common cause of
ischemic heart disease
Atherosclerosis of
epicardial coronary
arteries (Coronary artery
disease)
Type of angina that occurs
during vasospasm of a
coronary artery
Prinzmetal angina
Prolonged chest pain,
unrelieved by rest, normal
cardiac biomarkers
Unstable angina
Expected light microscopy
findings 30 minutes to 4
hours post-MI
None or myocardial
waviness
Time where early coagulative
necrosis is observed in the
myocardium
12-24 hours
Most common cause of death
within 3-7 days post-MI
Myocardial rupture
Most common cause of death
within the first 24 hours
post-MI
Arrhythmia
Granulation tissue formation
is expected at this time post-
MI
7-10 days
Unexpected death from
cardiac causes either without
symptoms, or within 1 to 24
hours of symptom onset
Sudden cardiac death
Most common cause of
sudden cardiac death
Coronary artery disease
Most common mechanism of
sudden cardiac death
Arrhythmia (asystole or
ventricular fibrillation)
Etiology of left-sided
hypertensive heart disease
Systemic Hypertension
Minimum Pathologic criteria
of left-sided HHD
Concentric LVH with no
other cardiovascular
pathology AND
History/pathologic
evidence of hypertension
in other organs
A 65-year-old hypertensive
patient presents with
dyspnea. PE revealed (+)
early diastolic murmur on 2nd
ICS, right parasternal border,
wide pulse pressure, and (+)
De Musset sign, headbobbing
synchronous with
arterial pulse
Aortic Regurgitation
Most common cause of aortic
stenosis
Age-related calcification of
normal or congenital
bicuspid aortic valves
Most common cause of mitral
regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
Microscoping finding seen in
mitral valve prolapse
Myxomatous degeneration
of spongiosa layer +
Attenuation of collagenous
fibrosa
Non-suppurative cardiac
sequelae of Group A
Streptococcal pharyngitis
Acute rheumatic fever
(ARF)
Streptococcal antigen that
cross-reacts with cardiac selfantigens
M protein
Granulomatous cardiac
lesions composed of T cells,
plasma cells, and activated
macrophages in ARF
Aschoff bodies
Activated plump
macrophages seen in Aschoff
bodies; also known as
“caterpillar cells” because of
the wavy, slender chromatin
Anitschkow cells
Cardinal morphologic
changes in rheumatic heart
disease (RHD)
Leaflet thickening,
commissural fusion and
shortening, and thickening
and fusion of the tendinous
cords
Most common cause of mitral
stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
Most common valve affected
in rheumatic heart disease
Mitral valve
Hallmark lesion of infective
endocarditis
Vegetations
Microorganism associated
with acute infective
endocarditis in IV drug users
Staphylococcus aureus
Most commonly isolated
microorganisms in subacute
infective endocarditis
Viridans Streptococci,
HACEK organisms
(HACEK: Haemophilus spp,
Aggregatibacter spp.,
Cardiobacterium spp., Eikenella
corrodens, Kingella spp.)
Etiology of carcinoid heart
disease
Bioactive substances (e.g.,
serotonin) produced by
carcinoid tumors in the
setting of massive liver
metastatic burden
Affected structures in
carcinoid heart disease
Right heart valves
(Tricuspid), Endocardium
Type of endocarditis
associated with SLE
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
Pathogenesis of Marantic
endocarditis
Hypercoagulable state
→Thrombosis
Type of cardiomyopathy with
reduced ejection fraction
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Types of cardiomyopathy
with preserved ejection
fraction
Restrictive
cardiomyopathy,
Hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy
Most common type of
cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Most common cause of
dilated cardiomyopathy
Genetic
Type of cardiomyopathy
associated with alcohol and
iron excess, childbirth,
chronic anemia, and
hyperthyroidism
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Left ventricular contractile
dysfunction after extreme
psychological stress
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
(Broken heart syndrome)
A young athlete died suddenly
with an unexplained cause of
death. Post-mortem
examination of the heart
showed disproportionate
thickening of the
interventricular septum relative
to the free wall.
Hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy
Etiology of restrictive
cardiomyopathy
Idiopathic, Amyloidosis,
Sarcoidosis, Radiationinduced
fibrosis, Metastatic
tumors, Storage disease
Most common helminthic
cause of myocarditis
Trichinella spiralis
Most common cause of
myocarditis in the US
Viruses (Coxsackie A/B,
enteroviruses)
A McCune-Albright syndrome
patient presents with fever,
left-sided weakness, dyspnea,
and pulmonary edema. 2Decho
showed a pedunculated
mass in the left atrium. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
Myxoma
Most common primary tumor
of the adult heart
Myxoma
Most common primary tumor
of the pediatric heart
Rhabdomyoma
Beck triad of cardiac
tamponade
↑ jugular venous pressure,
arterial hypotension,
muffled heart sounds
Most common type of acute
pericarditis
Fibrinous/Serofibrinous
Most common cause of
hemorrhagic pericarditis
Malignant tumor
Most common cause of
neutropenia
Drug toxicity
Etiopathogenesis of
neutropenia in SLE
Immune destruction
Type of leukopenia observed
in advanced HIV
Lymphopenia
Increased WBC count ( ≥
50×109/L) in the absence of
myeloproliferative neoplasm
Leukemoid reaction
A cytochemical stain used to
differentiate leukemoid
reaction from CML
Leukocyte alkaline
phosphatase (LAP)
(Normal LAP score in leukemoid
reaction; Low in CML)
Form of lymphadenitis in a
patient with rheumatoid
arthritis who present with
chronic painless lymph node
enlargement
Follicular hyperplasia
Expansion of interfollicular
(T-cell) zones in lymph nodes
during a viral infection
Paracortical hyperplasia
A 7-year-old male presents
with pallor, recurrent
infections, and easy bruising.
CBC showed leukocytosis
with elevated bands, anemia,
and thrombocytopenia. What
is the most likely initial
diagnosis?
Leukemia
Most common cancer in
children
Acute lymphoblastic
leukemia/lymphoma
Immunostain used to identify
immature lymphoid process
Tdt (terminal
deoxynucleotidyl
transferase)
A patient presented with the
following results: PBS - (+)
Auer rods, (+) Faggot cells.
Immunostain - (+) MPO
Acute myeloid leukemia
Hematologic emergency
associated with acute
promyelocytic leukemia
Disseminated intravascular
coagulation
Most common leukemia in
adults in the Western world
Chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL)
Fragile lymphocytes that are
flattened in the process of
smearing blood of CLL
patients
Smudge cells
Transformation of CLL to
Diffuse Large B-cell
Lymphoma
Richter syndrome
Etiology of Chronic Myeloid
Leukemia (CML)
t(9;22)→BCR::ABL1 fusion
(Tyrosine kinase)
A known CML patient refuses
to undergo treatment. 5 years
later, PBS showed ≥20%
blasts. Which phase is the
patient currently in?
Blast phase
Dry tap on bone marrow is
common in this type of
leukemia due to marrow
fibrosis or increased reticulin
fiber deposition;
Immunostain: (+) TRAP
Hairy cell leukemia
Cells with Large, multiple
nuclei or single with multiple
lobes; each with nucleolus
(“Owl-eye nucleus”)
Reed-Sternberg cells
Reed-Sternberg cells are seen
in which type of lymphoma
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Most common Hodgkin
Lymphoma subtype
Nodular sclerosis (NSHL)
Least common Hodgkin
Lymphoma subtype but has
the worst prognosis; seen in
HIV patients
Lymphocyte-depleted
(LDHL)
Staging system used in the
prognosis of lymphoma
Ann-Arbor stage
Type of non-Hodgkin
lymphoma (NHL) associated
with lymphomatous
polyposis of the GI tract
Mantle cell lymphoma
Most common form of
indolent NHL
Follicular lymphoma
Most common NHL
Diffuse Large B-cell
Lymphoma
Type of NHL associated with
chronic inflammatory
disorders such as H. pylori
gastritis, Hashimoto
thyroiditis
Marginal Zone Lymphoma
of Mucosa-Associated
Lymphoid Tissue
(MALToma)
Type of NHL with bimodal
distribution. Typical PBS
show starry sky pattern or
sheets of medium-sized
atypical lymphocytes) with
tingible body macrophages
Burkitt Lymphoma
Type of lymphocytes elevated
in Multiple Myeloma
Plasma cells
Myeloma-defining events
CRAB -HyperCalcemia,
Renal failure, Anemia,
Bone lesions
Protein detected in urine of
multiple myeloma patients
Bence-Jones protein
Serum protein
electrophoresis finding in
multiple myeloma
Monoclonal gammopathy
(IgG)
Hallmark of myelodysplastic
syndromes or defective
hematopoietic maturation
Dysplasia in one or more
myeloid lineages
Common mutation in
myeloproliferative
neoplasms
JAK2 V617F mutation
Most likely diagnosis in a
patient with facial plethora
(redness). pruritus worsened
by bathing, and elevated Hgb
Polycythemia vera
In primary myelofibrosis,
RBCs assume this teardropshaped
poikilocyte due to
squeezing from fibrotic
marrow
Dacryocyte
Chronic venous congestion of
the spleen occurs in the
setting of
Liver cirrhosis
Thymic disorder seen in
DiGeorge Syndrome
Thymic Aplasia
Most common thymic
disorder associated with
myasthenia gravis
Thymic follicular
hyperplasia
Most common thymic
epithelial tumor
Thymoma
Immune paraneoplastic
syndrome associated with
thymoma
Myasthenia gravis
Most common histology of
thymic carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
