blood protozoal infections

Question 0

malaria

Answer 0

• plasmodium sp: P. falciparum***, P.vivax; P. ovale; P. malariae
• Plasmodium Falciparum is the most severe thats present in tropical,poor babies, malnourished, preggos popl.
• MOSQUITO BORNE HEMOLYTIC FEBRIL ILLNESS (transmitted by female anopheles mosq.
• characteristic: RECURRENT PAROXYSMS (sudden attack) OF CHILLS and HIGH FEVER (from RBC rupturing), ANEMIA (SPLEEN), N+V, ABD PAIN.
• TX: oral chloroquine, primaquine. but P.falci resistance varies.

-schizogony invades liver and spleen and causes HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY.
A). in hepatocytes (schizogony->merozoites) rupture (2-3wks) –> infects RBCs–> release mature merozoites while RBCs themselves die (Fever, chills, (ANEMIA bc RBC dies and sequestrating of rbcs in spleen)) –> 1: can go to kidney and cause hemoglobinuric nephrosis -> DEATH…or
2. phagocytized by macrophages –> monocyte/macrophage hyperplasia (hepatosplenomegaly). can lead to hemoglobinuric nephrosis –> death
3. P. falci is more virulent then others: parasitized RBCs adhere to cap endothelium –> fibrin emboli -> microinfarcts -> severe tissue ischemia –> ENCEPHALOPATHY, CHF, DEATH.
-““SLATE GRAY”: macrophages fill w. hemosiderin and malarial pigment in the organs of this system (LIVER, SPLEEN, LNs)
-“BLACK WATER FEVER”: bc hemoglobinuric nephrosis
-P.falci does not infect liver and attacks all RBCs –> inc adherence to endothelial cells –> ISCHEMIA and “RING HEMORRHAGES” in brain (white matter vessels thrombosis, surr edema and hemorrhage), kidney infarcts, lungs (edema and acute alv damage)

20-50% mortality

Question 1

what are the blood protozoa?

Answer 1

1. malaria

2. babesiosis

Question 2

babesiosis

Answer 2

• transmitted by hard-bodied ticks.
• infection common in animals, very rare in humans
• usually self-limited dz that targets RBC. uncontrolled inf can be fatal. RBC–> hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, renal failure, RESISTANT TO MOST ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS