Blood Pressure and Heart Rate (4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is systole?

A

Maximum pressure when heart pumps, occurs after contraction of ventricle

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2
Q

What is diastole?

A

The bottom level of pressure, occurs after contraction of atria

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3
Q

How do you measure heart rate (beats/time seconds)?

A

Systolic Pressure- Diastolic Pressure

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4
Q

How do you measure flow in terms of Darcy’s Law?

A

Flow (volume/time)= Pressure 1- Pressure 2/ Resistance
Pressure- mmHg
Resistance- mmHg time/volume

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5
Q

What is another term for flow?

A

Cardiac Output (CO)

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6
Q

What is the equation to calculate Cardiac Output?

A

CO (volume/time)= (Arterial Pressure- Venous Pressure)/ Resistance

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7
Q

How do you calculate Arterial blood pressure?

A

Arterial blood pressure= CO x TPR (total peripheral resistance)
Arterial blood pressure= heart rate x stroke volume x TPR

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8
Q

What are the pacemakers in the parasympathetic nerve system?

A
Sino atrial (SA) node- iniates contraction 
Atrioventricular (AV) node- drives system is SA node fails
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9
Q

What is Bradycardia?

A

Slowing down of heart rate

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10
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

Speeding up of heart rate

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11
Q

Where does each electrical signal in the heart begin?

A

SA node

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12
Q

What does an Electrocardiogram record?

A

Strength and timing of electrical signals as they pass through the heart

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13
Q

From the SA node where does the electrical signal move to?

A

Through the left and right atria

Causes atria to contract, helps move blood into lower chambers of the heart

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14
Q

What is the electrical signals recorded as that pass through the atria?

A

P wave

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15
Q

What does the electrical signal between the atria and ventricle pass through?

A

Atrioventricular node (AV)

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16
Q

What is the pathway of a electrical signal in the heart?

A

SA node-> Atria-> AV node (P wave)-> Ventricle-> Bundle of His->Contraction of heart (QRS wave)

17
Q

What are the phases of action potential in heart cells?

A
  1. Early repolarization- brings the potential down to a plateau level over 2 to 3 milliseconds
  2. Plateau- accounts for most of the action potential duration
  3. Repolarization- brings the potential back to resting level
  4. Period between action potential- stable except in cells that have the property of autorhythmicity
18
Q

What do baroreceptors do?

A

Pressure-sensitive neurones that monitor stretch in the aorta (prevent build up of pressure)

19
Q

Where does blood flow from and to?

A

Areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

The greater the gradient the greater the flow