blood glucose concentration

Question 1

what happens after a meal rich in carbs?

Answer 1

blood glucose levels rise

Question 2

where is excess glucose stored?

Answer 2

stored as glycogen in liver

Question 3

what happens in blood glucose levels are too high?

Answer 3

pancreas produces hormone insulin
insulin binds to cells in muscles and liver causing
glucose to move from blood into muscle cells for respiration
excess glucose to be converted into glycogen and stored in liver
because glucose is now being taken out of blood and stored, concentration of blood glucose returns down to normal level

Question 4

what happens in type 1 diabetes?

Answer 4

pancreas does not produce enough insulin

Question 5

how is type 1 diabetes treated?

Answer 5

insulin therapy, involves several injections of insulin throughout day
limiting intake of carbohydrates and taking regular exercise to remove glucose from blood

Question 6

what happens in type 2 diabetes?

Answer 6

body cells stop responding to insulin/ become resistant to their own insulin
causes blood glucose levels to rise dangerously high

Question 7

how is type 2 diabetes treated?

Answer 7

treated by a carbohydrate controlled diet
encouraged to exercise frequently

Question 8

what is the main risk factor of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 8

obesity

Question 9

what happens if blood glucose concentration is too low?

Answer 9

pancreas releases hormone glucagon into bloodstream
glucagon triggers liver cells to convert glycogen stores back into glucose, which is released into blood
causes blood concentration to return down to normal

Question 10

what is meant by a negative feedback cycle?

Answer 10

cycle that insulin and glucagon have opposite effects on blood glucose concentration to achieve homeostasis