blood and CV1 (heart)

Question 1

*what type of tissue is blood

Answer 1

fluid connective tissue

Question 2

*what are the components of blood?

Answer 2

specialized cells(RBC,WBC, platelets) and extracellular matrix(plasma, electrolytes, nutrients gasses)

Question 3

*blood functions

Answer 3

-transports dissolved gases,nutrients,wastes and hormones
-stabilizes pH (pH7.4)
-initiates clotting when needed (platelets)
defends against toxins and pathogens (WBC)
-stabilizes body temp

Question 4

*plasma vs formed elements

Answer 4

plasma- liquid comp of blood and transports plasma protein, electrolytes etc.
formed elements- RBC,WBC and platelets

Question 5

*red blood cell (RBC), how structure relates to function

Answer 5

since it’s small, biconcave shape (large surface area)= permits rapid diffusion, stacks easily and its strong and flexible

Question 6

*hemoglobin function

Answer 6

primary protein of RBC that carries mostly o2 and some co2

Question 7

*hemoglobin structure

Answer 7

1 molecule: 4 globular protein subunits(polypeptide chains)
02 bind to heme (oxyhemoglobin) co2 binds with globin subunit (carbaminohemoglobin)

Question 8

pericardium

Answer 8

fluid filled sac that surrounds heart
1)fibrous pericardium (superficial):
-dense irregular CT
-limits overexpansion of heart
2) serous pericardium
- parietal layer (fused with fibrous pericardium)
-visceral layer (epicardium) adheres directly to heart

Question 9

heart wall structure

Answer 9

-epicardium
-myocardium (cardiac muscle cells, CT, blood vessels and nerves)
-endocardium (simple squamous epithelial tissue- reduces friction so platelets dont clot unnecessary areas)

Question 10

4 valves of heart

Answer 10

• pulmonary semi lunar vale
  -right atrioventricular valve
  -left atrioventricular valve
  -aortic semilunar vale

Question 11

what valves open and close during systole

Answer 11

open= aortic and pulmonary
close “lub” = right and left AV valve

Question 12

what valves open and close during diastole

Answer 12

open= right and left av vales
close “dub”= semilunar valves

Question 13

function of papillary muscle and chordae tendineae

Answer 13

chordae= limits movement of valves when they are closed
chordae will pull on papillary m. to pull valves open

Question 14

nodal cells

Answer 14

pacemaker
-has the sinoatrial node (primary pacemaker) and atrioventricular node

Question 15

coronary sinus

Answer 15

drains venous blood from majority of heart
-between the opening of inferior vena cava, the fossa ovalis and the right atrioventricular orifice.

Question 16

2 main coronary arteries during cardiac cycle when most blood is received to arteries

Answer 16

during diastole because heart is relaxed