BLOOD 4

Question 1

________ of the ABO system
present on the surface of RBCs
determine blood types.

Answer 1

Antigens

Question 2

ABO class of antigens are
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ molecules

Answer 2

carbohydrate

Question 3

Antibodies of the ABO system, usually of the ___ ________, are classified as “naturally occurring” antibodies

Answer 3

IgM class

Question 4

What dictates the expression of ABO antigens on RBCs ?

Answer 4

Gene -DNA - RNA- protein

Question 5

What do ABO genes code for?

Answer 5

Enzymes (protein) of the ABO system

Question 6

What do ABO not code for?

Answer 6

Surface ABO antigens

Question 7

The enzymes coded by the ABO genes are added to on the

Answer 7

Specific terminal carbohydrate molecules to the surface of the RBC

Question 8

A type blood info

Answer 8

Genotype: AA or AO

Antigens on RBC: A

Antibodies on plasma: anti-B

Question 9

B type blood info

Answer 9

Genotype: BB or BO

Antigens on RBC: B

Antibodies on plasma: anti-A

Question 10

AB type blood info

Answer 10

Genotype: AB

Antigens on RBC: A and B

Antibodies on plasma: neither

Question 11

O type blood info

Answer 11

Genotype: OO

Antigens on RBC: neither

Antibodies on plasma: anti-A and anti-B

Question 12

How is ABO blood type determined?

Answer 12

• An unknown sample of a persons blood is separated into RBC and plasma fractions.

• A drop or two of the
RBC are then mixed with a known solution containing either anti-A or anti – B antibodies

• The mixture is observed for RBC aggulation or clumping

Question 13

What is Agglutination?

Answer 13

Aggulation is the process of having the red blood cells broken down and the hemoglobin is released.

Question 14

What is the result of a mismatch during a blood transfusion?

Answer 14

Clumping or hemolysis

Question 15

What can type A blood revive from ?

Answer 15

A and O

Question 16

What can type B blood revive from ?

Answer 16

B and O

Question 17

What can type AB blood revive from ?

Answer 17

AB and A and B and O

Question 18

What can type O blood revive from ?

Answer 18

O

Question 19

Antigens of the Rhesus system are

Answer 19

protein molecules and form integral part of the RBC membrane

Question 20

For Rh blood types, Dominant “D” gene (D) codes for

Answer 20

D antigens on surface of RBC

Question 21

In Rh blood types, Presence of D antigen makes the individual

Answer 21

Rh positive (Rh + ve)

Question 22

Deletion of “D” gene implies the absence of D antigens on RBC and make the person

Answer 22

Rh negative (Rh -ve)

Question 23

Rh+ type blood info

Answer 23

Genotype: DD or Dd

antigens on RBC membrane: D

Antibodies in plasma: no anti-D

Question 24

Rh- type blood info

Answer 24

Genotype: dd

antigens on RBC membrane: no D

Antibodies in plasma: no anti-D

Question 25

Antibodies of the Rhesus system are of the

Answer 25

IgG class.

Question 26

Only _____ people can produce these antibodies after exposure to D antigen.

Answer 26

Rh –ve

Question 27

Mismatched blood transfusion in the Rh system

Answer 27

• Rh- person with no anti-D antibodies is exposed accidentally to Rh + blood during transfusion • Rh- person develops anti-D antibodies • The same Rh- person is exposed by mistake to another transfusion of Rh+ blood • Anti-D antibodies will bind to Rh+ RBC and cause clumping and hemolysis

Question 28

Solution for thesis mismatch between mother and child

Answer 28

a mother is given an injection of some immunoglobulins so that when the mother is exposed to the Rh+ for the first time it can bind it the Rh+ cells and mask/neutralize the cells form, being exposed into the mothers immune system, so the mother doesn’t produce any d antibodies.