Block Seven Flashcards
Body Systems Part 1
Integumentary
The body system that includes the skin and its glands, the hair, and the nails and acts to protect the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside.
Epidermis
The outer layer of cells covering an organism, in particular.
Dermis
The middle layer of the skin which consists of connective tissue, blood vessels, oil and sweat glands, nerves, hair follicles, and other structures.
Subcutaneous Tissue
The bottom layer of skin made of connective tissue and fat.
Decubitus
Relating to an ulcer/sore; a difficult-to-heal (and possibly fatal) sore that forms when part of the body presses against a surface for a long period of time, cutting off the oxygen supply to the tissues. (Pressure Injury/Ulcer/Sore)
Inflammation
The body’s immunological defense against injury, infection, or allergy often causes redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
Lice
Parasitic insects found on the heads of people. Head lice infection is very common and easily acquired by coming in close contact with someone who has head lice, infested clothing, or infested belongings. Also known as pediculosis.
Rash
A temporary eruption of a group of lesions on the skin.
Scabies
A contagious skin disease marked by itching and small raised red spots, caused by the itch mite.
Muscle
A body tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated and produce motion.
Bone
A hard rigid form of connective tissue constituting most of the skeleton and composed of mostly calcium.
Ligament
A short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.
Tendon
A flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to the bone.
Joint
A structure in the human or animal body at which two parts of the skeleton are fitted together.
Atrophy
The wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use.
Contracture
The permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to lack of activity.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A chronic progressive auto-immune disease - causing inflammation in the joints and resulting in painful deformity and immobility, especially in the fingers, wrists, feet, and ankles.
Osteoarthritis
A common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis.
Hip Fracture
Broken bone in the hip, a key health problem among the elderly, usually due to a fall or other kind of trauma involving direct impact to the hip bone which has been weakened by osteoarthritis.
Hip Replacement
A type of surgery that involves the removal of the damaged hip joint and surrounding cartilage and replacement with a prosthesis.
Knee Replacement
A surgical procedure to replace the weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint to relieve pain and disability.
Weight bearing
The amount of support or weight a resident can put on their lower extremities; supporting the weight of their body.
Partial Weight Bearing (PWB)
A doctor’s order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on one or both legs.
Non-Weight Bearing (NWB)
A doctor’s order stating that a person is unable to touch the floor or support any body weight on one or both legs.
Full Weight Bearing (FWB)
A doctor’s order stating that a person has the ability to support full body weight on both legs.
Abduction Pillow/Wedge
A wedge-shaped pillow positioned between the legs to immobilize and position the hips and lower extremities, usually used after a hip surgery.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
The part of the nervous system which consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and which coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system.
Brain
An organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull of vertebrates, functioning as the coordinating center of sensation and intellectual and nervous activity.
Spinal Cord
The cylindrical bundle of nerve fibers and associated tissue that is enclosed in the spine and connects nearly all parts of the body to the brain, with which it forms the central nervous system.
Nerves
(in the body) a whitish fiber or bundle of fibers that transmits impulses of sensation to the brain or spinal cord, and impulses from these to the muscles and organs.
Hemiplegia
Paralysis on one side of the body.
Parkinson’s Disease
A progressive disease of the nervous system marked by tremors, muscular rigidity, and slow, imprecise movement, chiefly affecting middle-aged and elderly people.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
A chronic, typically progressive disease involving damage to the sheaths of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord; symptoms include numbness, impairment of speech and of muscular coordination, blurred vision, and severe fatigue.
Spinal Cord Injury
Damage to the spinal cord that causes changes in its function, either temporary or permanent.
Paraplegia
Loss of function of lower body and legs.
Quadriplegia
The loss of function of the legs, trunk, and arms.
Traumatic Brain Injure (TBI)
Is an insult to the brain from an external mechanical force, possibly leading to permanent or temporary impairment of cognitive, physical, and psychosocial functions.
Epilepsy
A neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Blindness
The state or condition of being unable to see because of injury, disease, or a congenital condition.
Cataracts
A medical condition in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque, resulting in blurred vision.
Glaucoma
A condition of increased pressure within the eyeball, causing gradual loss of sight.
Deafness
The condition of lacking the power or hearing or having impaired hearing.
Veritgo
A sensation of whirling and loss of balance, associated particularly with looking down from a great height, or caused by disease affecting the inner ear or the vestibular nerve; giddiness.
Cardiac
Relating to the heart.
Artery
Any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood (mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body.
Capillary
Any of the fine branching blood vessesl that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
Vein
Any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Impedance or blockage of one or more arteries that supply blood to the heart, usually due to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries).
Angina
Chest pain, pressure, or discomfort usually associated with heart muscle that is not getting enough oxygen.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Heart failure in which the heart is unable to maintain adequate circulation of blood in the tissues of the body or to pump out the venous blood returned to it by the venous circulation
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
Poor circulation in the legs, feet, arms, or hands caused by atherosclerosis.
Anemia
A condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness.
Blood Clot
A semi-solid mass of coagulated red and white blood cells (thrombus)
Cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
Pacemaker
An artificial device for stimulating the heart muscle and regulating its contractions.
