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Utah CNA Centers > Block 8: Body Systems, Resp, Urinary, Gastro, Endo, Repro, Immune > Flashcards

Block 8: Body Systems, Resp, Urinary, Gastro, Endo, Repro, Immune Flashcards

1
Q

Bowel Movement (BM)

A

An act of defecation.

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2
Q

Bowel Obstruction

A

Also known as intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion.

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3
Q

Briefs

A

Close-fitting legless underpants that are cut so as to cover the body to the waist, used for persons who are incontinent.

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4
Q

Colostomy

A

A surgical operation in which a piece of the colon is diverted to an artificial opening in the abdominal wall so as to bypass a damaged part of the colon.

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5
Q

Constipation

A

The inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, difficult, and often painful elimination of a hard, dry stool..

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6
Q

Defecation

A

The discharge of feces from the body.

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7
Q

Diarrhea

A

A condition in which feces are discharged from the bowels frequently and in a liquid form.

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8
Q

Enema

A

A specific amount of water, with or without an additive, which is introduced into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool.

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9
Q

Fecal Impaction

A

Is a solid, immobile bulk of feces that can develop in the rectum as a result of chronic constipation.

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10
Q

Flatus

A

Gas in or from the stomach or intestines, produced by swallowing air or by bacterial fermentation.

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11
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

A chronic condition in which the liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus. This can result in inflammation and damage to the lining of the esophagus.

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12
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

A swollen vein or group of veins in the region of the anus.

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13
Q

Ileostomy

A

A surgical operation in which a piece of the ileum is diverted to an artificial opening in the abdominal wall.

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14
Q

Ostomy Bag

A

Is a prosthetic medical device that provides a means for the collection of waste from a surgically diverted biological system (colon, ileum, bladder) and the creation of a stoma.

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15
Q

Peptic Ulcers

A

A lesion in the lining (mucosa) of the digestive tract, typically in the stomach or duodenum, caused by the digestive action of pepsin and stomach acid.

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16
Q

Reflux

A

The term used when liquid backs up into the esophagus from the stomach.

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17
Q

Stoma

A

An artificial opening in the body from which waste can be eliminated.

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18
Q

Blood Sugar

A

The concentration of glucose in the blood.

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19
Q

Diabetes Types 1 & 2

A

In type 1 diabetes, the immune system makes antibodies that act against the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Type 2 diabetes (formerly called adult-onset or non-insulin-dependent diabetes) can develop at any age.

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20
Q

Glucometer

A

A medical device for determining the approximate concentration of glucose in the blood.

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21
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical substances created by the body that control numerous body functions.

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22
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.

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23
Q

Metabolism

A

Physical and chemical processes by which substances are produced or broken down into energy or products for use by the body.

24
Q

Pancreas

A

A large gland behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in the pancreas are the islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood the hormones insulin and glucagon.

25
Q

Polyuria

A

Production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine.

26
Q

Thyroid

A

A large ductless gland in the neck that secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism.

27
Q

Alveoli

A

Any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange.

28
Q

Apnea

A

Temporary cessation of breathing, especially during sleep.

29
Q

Asthma

A

A respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing.

30
Q

Bronchi

A

The two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs.

31
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes. It typically causes bronchospasm and coughing.

32
Q

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

A

A common, noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland.

33
Q

Bladder

A

A membranous sac in humans and other animals, in which urine is collected for excretion.

34
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

Is a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible.

35
Q

Cyanotic

A

Skin that is blue or gray.

36
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing.

37
Q

Dialysis

A

A procedure that is done to remove waste products and fluids form the body when a person’s kidneys fail and can no longer perform this task.

38
Q

Diaphragm

A

The strong, dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and assists in breathing.

39
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful or difficult urination.

40
Q

Emphysema

A

A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness .

41
Q

Epiglottis

A

A flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe.

42
Q

Expectorate

A

Cough or spit out (phlegm) from the throat or lungs.

43
Q

Kidney Stone

A

Clumps of minerals that form in the kidneys and bladder. Symptoms include severe flank pain and blood in the urine.

44
Q

Larynx

A

The hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box.

45
Q

Nares

A

The nostrils.

46
Q

Nocturia

A

A condition where the individual has to wake at night one or more times for voiding.

47
Q

Pertussis

A

Also known as “whooping cough,” is a highly contagious, acute respiratory illness characterized by fits of coughing and caused by the bacteria Brodetella pertussis.

48
Q

Pneumonia

A

Lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid.

49
Q

Renal Failure

A

A condition in which the kidneys fail to function adequately.

50
Q

Shortness of Breath (SOB)

A

Is a feeling of difficult or labored breathing that is out of proportion to the person’s level of physical activity.

51
Q

Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)

A

Is an infection a person can get by having sex.

52
Q

Trachea

A

A large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe.

53
Q

Ureterostomy

A

Is the creation of a stoma (a new, artificial outlet) for a ureter or kidney to permit urine to pass.

54
Q

Urinary Retention

A

As the inability to completely or partially empty the bladder.

55
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A

Infection within any part of the urinary system that can cause symptoms of burning, cramping, and a frequent urge to urinate.

Utah CNA Centers (16 decks)

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