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block 6 Anna > block 6 lecture 7 psychotic drug > Flashcards

block 6 lecture 7 psychotic drug Flashcards

1
Q

what do psychotropic drugs target?

A

dopamine, noradrenaling, serotonin and mono-oxygenase inhibitos

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2
Q

what is the onset of schizophrenia?

A

young adult life

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3
Q

what are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

hallucinations/delusion/thought disorder

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4
Q

what are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

lack of motivation/reduced speech/reduced emotion/social with drawl

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5
Q

what is depression?

A

a collection of symptoms occuring together

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6
Q

what do you experience changes in in depression?

A

sleep/appetite/weight/concentration

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7
Q

what is bipolar disease?

A

episodes of manic and depression

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8
Q

what happens in the manic episodes of bipolar disorder?

A

elation/increased energy/reduced sleep/overactivity/disinhibition/rapid speech

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9
Q

what are the 4 dopamine pathways?

A

mesolimbic
mesocorticol
nigrostriatal
tubero-infundibular

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10
Q

what is the mesolimbic system for?

A

reinforcement and reward

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11
Q

what is the mesocortical system for?

A

planning

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12
Q

what is the nigrostriatal pathway for?

A

initiation and controll of movement

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13
Q

what is the tubero-infundibular system for?

A

dopamine inhibits the amount of prolactin hormone released by the pituitary gland (for making breast milk)

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14
Q

what is the route the infundibular system takes?

A

hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

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15
Q

where is noradrenaline released from?

A

neurones that orginate in the locus coeruleus in the brain stem

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16
Q

what does noradrenaline do?

A

influences: sleep/wakefullness/attention/feeding behaviour

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17
Q

how is dopamin inactivated?

A

reuptake into presynaptic neuron

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18
Q

what happens to the noradrenaline in the presynaptic neuron?

A

oxidised

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19
Q

what is serotonin also known as?

A

5HT

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20
Q

where is serotonin released form?

A

neurons that originate from the raphe nuclei in the brain stem

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21
Q

what does serotonin influence?

A

mood, emotional behaviors and sleep

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22
Q

what is serotonin inactivated by?

A

reuptake at the presynaptic membrane where its oxidised

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23
Q

what is GABA released by?

A

inhibitory neurones in the CNS

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24
Q

what do GABA receptors do when stimulated?

A

allow an influx of chloride ions across the post synaptic membrane causing hypopolarisation and inactiavtion

25
Q

what do antipsychotic do?

A

antagonise D2 receptors in the mesolimbic and mesocortical system

26
Q

what do antipsychotics treat?

A

schizophrenia
delusions
hallucinations
thought disorder

27
Q

examples of antipsychotics?

A

Olanzapine, Risperidone, Haloperidol

28
Q

what are the side effects of antipsychotics?

A 
affects: the nigrostriatal pathway and the tubulo-infundibular pathway
block histamine receptors
blocks muscarinic receptors 
blocks alpha adrenoceptors
blocks serotonin receptors
29
Q

what are the nigrostriatal pathway side effects of antipsychotics?

A

parkinsonism/akathisia/dystonia/dyskinesia

30
Q

what is tardive dyskinesia?

A

involuntary movements of the face

31
Q

what is chlozapine good for?

A

when other drugs dont work

32
Q

what happens when the histamine receptors are blocked?

A

sedation

33
Q

what happens when the muscarinic receptors are blocked?

A

blocks parasympathetic nervous stimulation

34
Q

what happens when the alpha adrenoceptors are blocked?

A

postural hypertension

35
Q

what happens when the serotonin receptors are blocked?

A

weight gain

36
Q

what are the metabolic and cardiac side effects of antipsychotics?

A 
weight gain
loss of control of blood sugar
raised cholesterol
arrhythmia
rarely idiosynoric
37
Q

why are the metabolic and cardiac side effects important to consider?

A

schizophrenia people are predisposed to cardiovascular disease

38
Q

whata re the three groups of antidepressants?

A

tricyclic
serotonin reuptake inhibitors
monoamine oxidatuion inhibitors

39
Q

what do tricyclic drugs do?

A

bl9ock noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake

40
Q

what do tricyclic treat?

A

depression/anxiety/chronic pain

41
Q

examples of tricyclic?

A

Amitriptyline, Lofepramine

42
Q

what are the side effects of Amitriptyline and Lofepramine?

A

antagonises H1 receptors
antabonises muscarinic receptors
antagonises alpha adrenoceptors

43
Q

what are SSRIs?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Block only serotonin reuptake transporters, increasing serotonin availability at the synapse

44
Q

what are SSRIs for?

A

depression

45
Q

examples of SSRIs?

A

Fluoxetine, Citalopram

46
Q

what are the side effects of SSRIs?

A

nausea and vomitting
sexual dysfunction
increase in scuicidal thoughts in young people
withdrawl reaction

47
Q

what do MAOI do?

A

Mono-amine oxidase inhibitors
Block the action of this enzyme in the nerve terminals, increasing the availability of Noradrenaline, Serotonin, Dopamine

48
Q

examples of MAOIs?

A

Phenelzine, Moclobemide

49
Q

what are the side effects of MAOIs?

A

hypotensive crisis

50
Q

what is lithium?

A

mood stabilizing drug

51
Q

what would you take lithium for?

A

bipolar

52
Q

what does lithium do?

A 
Reduces excitory (Dopamine, Glutamate) 
increases inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmission
Effects intracellular secondary messengers e.g. reduces formation of inositol tri-phosphate
Protects neurones from damage (“neuroprotective”)
53
Q

what are the side effects of lithium?

A

too high:

vomitting/shaking/drowsiness/ataxia = brain damage and death

54
Q

what cant you take while on lithium?

A

diuretics and NSAIDs

55
Q

what cant you take diuretics and NSAIDs while you are taking lithium?

A

stores lithium

56
Q

what do Benzodiazepines so?

A

Bind to a site on the GABA receptor, potentiating the effects of GABA ie the GABA causes more Cl- flux and more inhibition

57
Q

examples of Benzodiazepines?

A

Diazepam (Valium), Lorazepam (Ativan), Temazepam

58
Q

side effects of Benzodiazepines?

A 
Drowsiness
Confusion
Forgetfulness 
Impaired motor control
Tolerance and Dependence
Respiratory depression –especially with alcohol

block 6 Anna (8 decks)

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