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block 6 Anna > block 6 lecture 6 > Flashcards

block 6 lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what is stress?

A

any condition that poses a challenge to the bodies ability to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

what is good stress called?

A

eustress

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3
Q

what is eustress for?

A

good stress that prepares you for challenges

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4
Q

what is bad stress called?

A

distress

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5
Q

what is a stressor?

A

any stimulus that produces a stress response

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6
Q

what are the 4 types of stressors?

A

internal, external, psycological, physiological

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7
Q

what are the types of external stress?

A 
physical environment
social interactions
organisational
major life events
daily hassels
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8
Q

what are some examples of internal stress?

A

lifestyle choices
negative self critic
mind
personality traits

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9
Q

what is general adaptation syndrome?

A

physiological response to stressors to maintain homeostasis

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10
Q

what are the 3 main stages of stress response?

A

alarm phase
resistance
exhaustion

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11
Q

what is the pathway of the short term stress response?

A

stress - cerebral cortex - hypothalamus - sympathetic nervous system - adrenal medulla - catecholamines

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12
Q

what is the pathway of the long term stress response?

A

stress - cerebral cortex - hypothalamus - pituitary gland - adrenal cortex - glucocorticoids

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13
Q

what are the catecholamines in the short term stress response?

A

adrenaline and noradrenaline

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14
Q

what are the glucocorticoids in the long term stress response?

A

cortisol

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15
Q

how is the alarm phase characterised?

A

short lived, rapid action, activates sympathetic nervous system

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16
Q

what are the sympathetic nervous system responses to stress in the alarm phase?

A

glycogen > glucose in the liver/ increases metabolic rate/ increases blood pressure/ blood is diverted to the skeletal system/ dilation of airways/ alertness increased/ sweating

17
Q

what does long term stress activate?

A

HPA axis

18
Q

what do neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus secrete?

A

CRH

19
Q

what does CRH activate?

A

the anterior pituitary gland

20
Q

what does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

A

ACTH

21
Q

where does the ACTH go from the pituitary gland?

A

travels in the blood to the adrenal gland

22
Q

what does ACTH do?

A

stimulates cells in the adrenal cortex to release cortisol

23
Q

what does cortisol do?

A

glucose is synthesized from lipids and amino acids,

24
Q

other than cortisol what is released by the adrenal glands in the long term stress response?

A

aldosterone

25
Q

what does aldosterone do?

A

retention of sodium, retention of water, increased blood pressure

26
Q

what does the long term stress response do to the immune system?

A

suppresses it

27
Q

what happens in exhaustion phase?

A

resources of the body become so depleted they cant sustain resistence phase

28
Q

what happens during prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol?

A

muscle breakdown, suppression of the immune system, ulcers in GI tract, depression, failure of pancreatic beta cells, aging

29
Q

what is the amygdala involved with?

A

fear response

30
Q

what is activated in the amygdala to produce a stress response?

A

activation of the central nucleus

31
Q

what regulates the CRH neurones in the hypothalamus?

A

amygdala and the hippocamus

32
Q

what does amygdala activation stimulate?

A

HPA axis and stress response

33
Q

what does hippocampal activation do?

A

suppresses HPA axis

34
Q

what events are remembered better?

A

emotional

35
Q

what does injecting cortisol do?

A

enhances memory?

36
Q

what reduces memory?

A

propanolol and amygdala lesions

37
Q

what can acute stressors do to the immune system?

A

upregulate

38
Q

what does cortisol do to the immune system?

A

reduces the number of T and B cells

block 6 Anna (8 decks)

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