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block 6 Anna > block 6 lecture 1 localisation and function > Flashcards

block 6 lecture 1 localisation and function Flashcards

1
Q

what happens in fMRI?

A

put person in machine ask them to look at some thing record what part of the brain lights up

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2
Q

what is a PET scan?

A

introducing radioactively labelled substance, take scan at rest, take scan while doing something and observe additional uptake or substance

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3
Q

where is the cortex thinnest?

A

visual cortex

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4
Q

where is the cortex thickest?

A

primary motor cortex

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5
Q

what does the map of the map of the different histological layers show?

A

different cell types

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6
Q

what is the main blood supply to the brain?

A

carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

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7
Q

what are the vertebral arteries branches of?

A

subclavian

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8
Q

where does the left common carotid come from?

A

aortic arch

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9
Q

where does the right common carotid come from?

A

branches from the right braqchiocephalic artery

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10
Q

what does the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries gives rise to?

A

the internal and external carotid arteries

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11
Q

what does the external common carotid artery supply?

A

face and scalp

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12
Q

what does the internal common carotid artery supply?

A

brain

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13
Q

what do the vertebral arteries join to form?

A

basal arteries

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14
Q

what does the basal artery give rise to?

A

pontine, inferior cerebellar, superior cerebellar, posterior cerebral arteries

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15
Q

what does the internal carotid bifurcate into?

A

anterior and middle cerebral arteries

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16
Q

where do lesions of the primary motor, somatosensory or visual areas present?

A

controlaterally

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17
Q

what happens in a primary motor lesion?

A

controlateral hemiparesis

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18
Q

what is controlateral hemiparesis?

A

half weakness

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19
Q

what happens in a primary somatosensory lesion?

A

controlateral hemianasthesia

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20
Q

what is controlateral hemianasthesia?

A

half lack of sensation

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21
Q

in hemiaopia where is the lesion?

A

controlateral primary visual area

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22
Q

what is hemiaopia?

A

lack of visual field on one side

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23
Q

where is thinking done most commonly?

A

right hemisphere

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24
Q

where is language done most commonly?

A

left hemisphere

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25
Q

where is spacial orientation done most commonly?

A

right hemisphere

26
Q

what does heisphere dominance refer to?

A

which of your hemispheres is responsible for language comprehension

27
Q

why do unilateral lesions in language only last a period of time?

A

other hemisphere assumes the function

28
Q

a lesion at area 4 results in what?

A

facial paralysis

29
Q

a lesion in area 6 leads to?

A

hyperflexior - excessive tendon reflex

30
Q

what happens if you get a lesion at region 8?

A

cant move eyelids to the opposite side

31
Q

where is the motor region?

A

everything anterior to the central sulcus

32
Q

what is posterior of the central sulcus?

A

sensory: parietal, occipital, temporal lobes

33
Q

what do you get if you lose the primary sensory areas 3 1 and 2?

A

loss of touch, pressure and proprioception controlaterally

34
Q

what do you get if you lose secondary sensory area?

A

pain

35
Q

what is tactile agnosia?

A

ability to identify something by touch

36
Q

what do you get if you have lesion in area 40?

A

contralateral heminnoglect

37
Q

what is hemioneglect?

A

dont care about the other side of the body

38
Q

what is aplaxia?

A

ability to perform skilled movements you could do before

39
Q

what is the area that causes contralateral aplaxia?

A

40

40
Q

what do you lose at area 39?

A

alexia, dyslexia and agraphia

41
Q

what is agraphia?

A

the ability to write language

42
Q

what happens in Brocas?

A

you can understand language but cant speak it

43
Q

in Brocas where is the lsion?

A

posterior inferior frontal lobe

44
Q

what happens in Werinckles?

A

can speak but you cant understand

45
Q

where is the auditory area?

A

on temporal operculum

46
Q

why is the primary auditory area not visible?

A

in the sulcus

47
Q

how is hearing found in the brain?

A

bilaterally - each ear is represented on both hemispheres

48
Q

what is cranial nerve 8?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

49
Q

what supplies primary sensory and motor cortexs, Brocas, Wernicas, premotor, primary auditory and language areas?

A

medial cerebral artery

50
Q

what is a direct continuation of the internal carotid?

A

medial cerebral artery

51
Q

how does the medial cerebral artery supply the basal ganglia, internal capsule and thalamus?

A

lateral striate arteries

52
Q

what happens if you get a stroke of the middle cerebral artery?

A

lesion of upper motor neurons contralaterally

53
Q

what does a lesion of the prefrontal cortex cause?

A

changes in personality, concentration, abstract thought and forsite

54
Q

what artery supplies the prefrontal cortex?

A

middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery

55
Q

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

medial aspect of the hemisphere - corpus calosum

56
Q

what happens in stroke of the anterior cerebral artery?

A

contralateral upper motor neuron hemiplegia and hemiparesis
contralateral hemianasthesia
prefrontal cortical lesion - forsite…

57
Q

where is the primary visual area?

A

occipital lobe

58
Q

where does the calcerine sulcus run to?

A

apex of the occipital lobe

59
Q

what are the gyri on either side of the calcerine sulcus?

A

primary occipital areas

60
Q

what do association area do in relation to vision?

A

link vision to memory

block 6 Anna (8 decks)

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