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A&P I > Block 4 - Skull > Flashcards

Block 4 - Skull Flashcards

1
Q

skull is composed of

A

22 bones

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2
Q

bones form two parts

A

neurocranium and facial skeleton

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3
Q

what is the calvaria

A

skullcap-roof of cranium - frontal/occipital/parietal bone

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4
Q

what is the basicranium

A

floor of cranium - comprises of occiptal/sphenoid/temporal (petrous portion) / vomer / palatine / and portion of the maxillae

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5
Q

how many cranial bones are there

A

frontal / parietal (2) / temporal (2) / occipital / sphenoid / ethmoid

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6
Q

temporal bones contain what foramen / fossa

A

sytlomastoid foramen (CN VII) / mandibular fossa (TMJ) / petrous portion (CNVIII)

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7
Q

the carotid foramen and jugular exist in what bones

A

temporal

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8
Q

the foramen magnum is found where?

A

occipital

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9
Q

the external occipital protuberance is the attachment for

A

the ligamentum nuchae

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10
Q

what bone is considered the “keystone” bone because it articulates with ALL cranial bones?

A

the sphenoid bone

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11
Q

what are the attachment sites for the jaw muscles

A

pterygoid

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12
Q

the optic foramen transmits what nerve and artery?

A

optic nerve (CNII) and opthalmic artery

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13
Q

what is the passageway for the oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, and opthalmic nerves (CN III, IV, VI, (V1))

A

superior orbital fissure

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14
Q

where does the maxillary branch (CN V2) pass through?

A

the foramen rotundum

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15
Q

What transmits the mandibular nerve (CN V3)

A

foramen ovale

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16
Q

What are the trigeminal nerve foramina?

A

Standing Room Only -
superior orbital fissure (v1)
foramen rotundum (v2)
foramen ovale (v3)

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17
Q

what are the three parts of the sella turcica

A

tuberculum sellae / hypophyseal fossa / dorsum sellae

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18
Q

what is the major superior supporting structure of the nasal cavity

A

ethmoid

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19
Q

the crista galli attach to what?

A

the falx cerebri

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20
Q

what foramina and nerve exist in the ethmoid bone

A

olfactory foramina / olfactory nerve (CNI)

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21
Q

lateral masses of the ethmoid bone contain?

A

ethmoid sinuses

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22
Q

what is the upper part of the nasal septum

A

ethmoid

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23
Q

superior conchae participates in ?

A

olfactory receptors/senses (filters and warms air)

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24
Q

what is the term for the teeth sockets

A

alveoli

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25
Q

what houses the lacrimal sac

A

lacrimal fossa

26
Q

what is the “turbinate”

A

inferior nasal concha (not part of ethmoid)

27
Q

which nasal conchae participates in sense of smell

A

superior nasal conchae are only involved

28
Q

what transits through the mandibular foramen

A

the inferior alveolar nerve

29
Q

what branch is the 3rd branch of the trigeminal branch and has the inferior alveolar branch?

A

the mandibular nerve

30
Q

the palatine has a posterior and anterior part that includes

A

hard palate and part of orbit

31
Q

what forms the nasal septum

A

vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, septal cartilage

32
Q

what are the five foramina that are associated with each orbit

A 
optic foramen
superior orbital fissure
inferior orbital fissure
supraorbital foramen
lacrimal fossa
33
Q

what are the four main sutures of the skull

A

coronal / sagittal / lambdoidal / squamous

34
Q

what are the major fontanels

A

anterior / posterior / anterolaterals / posterolaterals

35
Q

what are the functions of fontanels

A
  • enable skull to modify shape thru the birth canal

- accomadate rapid brain growth during infancy

36
Q

what are paranasal sinuses and which cranial bones contain them?

A

cavities in bones that communicate with nasal cavity; frontal / sphenoid / ethmoid / maxillae

37
Q

what are the muscles of mastication

what nerve is involved?

A

masseter / temporalis / pterygoids (lateral and medial)

CN V3 (mandibular branch)

38
Q

what is the action of the lateral pterygoid

A

protracts and depresses the mandible (opens jaw)

39
Q

what is the action of the medial pterygoid

A

elevates and protracts the mandible

40
Q

together the lateral and medial pterygoid have what action?

A

move jaw side to side to grind food

41
Q

4 extrinsic mm arise elsewhere but into the tongue

which makes intubation necessary during anesthesia to ensure the tongue doesn’t move posteriorly and block the airway

A

genioglossus, syloglossus, palatoglossus, hyoglossus

genioglossus

42
Q

all the muscles of expression are innervated by

A

CN VII

43
Q

what are the 5 branches of the CN VII

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

44
Q

where do the terminal branches of the CN VII arise from?

A

the parotid plexus within the parotid gland

45
Q

what is the role of the buccinator

A

forms muscular portion of the cheek and assists in whistling, blowing, sucking and chewing

46
Q

what is the role of the levator palpebrae superioris

A

opens the eye

47
Q

action of the occipitofrontalis

A

elevates eyebrows of forehead (surprise)

innervated by temporal branch

48
Q

action of the zygomatic major and minor

A

major: draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally (smile)
minor: elevates upper lip exposing MAXILLARY teeth (snarl)
innverated by zygomatic and buccal branch

49
Q

action of levator labii superioris

A

raises upper lips

innervated by zygomatic branch

50
Q

action of depressor labii inferioris

A

depresses lower lip

innervated by mandibular branched

51
Q

action of depressor anguli oris

A

draws angle of mouth laterally and inferiorly

innervated by marginal mandibular branch

52
Q

action of orbicularis oris

A

closes and protrudes lips, compresses lips against teeth, shapes lips during speech
innervated by buccal branch

53
Q

action of risorius

A

draws angles of the mouth laterally (grimacing);

innervated by buccal branch

54
Q

action of mentalis

A

elevates and protrudes the lower lip and pulls up skin of chin, as in pouting
innervated by marginal mandibular branch

55
Q

action of the platysma

A

draws outer part of the lower liup inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting, depress mandible
innervated by the cervical branch

56
Q

action of the orbicularis oculi

A

closes and squints eyes, depresses upper eyelid, and elevates lower eyelid
innervated by temporal and zygomatic branch

57
Q

action of the corrugator supercilii

A

draws eyebrow inferiorly/medially - wrinkles skin of forehead vertically as in frowning
innvervated by temporal branch

58
Q

dermatomes:
face?
C2?
C3?

A

CNV
occipital protuberance
gentleman’s collar

59
Q

what are the layers of the scalp

A

SCALP: skin, (subcutaneous) connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue (danger space of loose areolar connective tissue), pericranium

60
Q

what layers of the scalp move as a unit?

A

the first three layers (skin/connective tissue/aponeurosis

61
Q

what forms the external periosteum of the calvaria and is made up of dense irregular connective tissue

A

pericranium

A&P I (9 decks)

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