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A&P I > Block 4 - Cerebrum / Homeostatis > Flashcards

Block 4 - Cerebrum / Homeostatis Flashcards

1
Q

folds of the brain

shallow grooves between the folds

A

gyrus

sulcus

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2
Q

deeper grooves between gyri

A

fissures

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3
Q

how do hemispheres communicate

A

a commissure called corpus callosum

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4
Q

largest fiber portion in the brain that aids in communication

A

corpus callosum

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5
Q

four lobes of the cerebrum

A

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

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6
Q

what does the central sulcus do

A

separates frontal from parietal

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7
Q

what does lateral cerebral sulcus do

A

separate frontal and temporal

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8
Q

what separates the parietal and occipital lobes

A

parieto-occipital

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9
Q

tracts of cerebral white matter

A

association, commissural, projection tracts

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10
Q

describe associate tracts

A

myelinated axons conduct impulses within gyri in the same hemisphere

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11
Q

describe commissural tracts

A

myelinated axons that conduct impulses from one gyri to another in a separate hemisphere (corpus callosum)

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12
Q

describe projection tracts

A

impulses sent from cerebrum to lower parts of CNS or vice versa (two way); internal capsule is an example

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13
Q

groups of commissural tracts

A

corpus callosum / anterior commissure / posterior commissure

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14
Q

what comprises a “basal ganglia”

A 
three nuclei deep in cerebral hemisphere
lentiform nucleus / corpus striatum
1. globus pallidus
2. putamen
3. caudate nucleus
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15
Q

what is lentiform nucleus

A

globus pallidus / putamen of the basal ganglia

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16
Q

what is corpus striatum

A

globus pallidus, putamen, caudate nucleus

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17
Q

thick band of white matter lateral to the thalamus that separates the caudate nucleus and thalamus from the lentiform nucleus

A

internal capsule

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18
Q

role of basal ganglia

A

regulate initiation/termination of movements and control unconscious contractions and muscle tone

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19
Q

describe parkinsons

A

melanin-pigmented dopamine-producing neurons of the basal ganglia degenerates

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20
Q

huntingtons disease

A

damage of corpus striatum

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21
Q

effect of damage to the basal ganglia

A

uncontrollable shaking, muscular rigidity, involuntary movements

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22
Q

basal ganglia found in persons with…

A

obsessive compulsive disorder; ADHD

23
Q

primary role and location of limbic system

A

emotions; cerebral structures encircle the upper part of the brain stem

24
Q

hippocampus role

A

converting new information into long-term memories

25
amygdala (amygdaloid nuclei) role
behavioral patterns of docility, rage, fear/aggression, restlessness
26
olfactory bulbs role
synapse with olfactory receptors; mammillary bodies are olfactory relay stations
27
cingulate gyrus location and role
superior corpus callosum; coordinates sensory input and emotion formation/processiing, learning, memory
28
band of nerve fibers extending from hippocampus to mammillary body to the hypothalamus-forms arch over thalamus
fornix
29
role of fornix
carries signals from hippocampus to the hypothalamus; transfer of info from mammillary bodies to hippocampus
30
what portion of the brain is critical for formation of fact memories
hippocampus
31
what can hippocampus damage result in?
anterograde amnesia-loss of ability to form new memories
32
role of cerebral coretex
communication, perception, memory, understanding, etc. and voluntary movement. "seat of consciousness"
33
what is the structurally significant about cerebral coretex
ONLY gray matter-neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons plus glia, blood NO FIBER TRACTS
34
each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with what
sensory/motor function of contralateral side of body
35
three types of brain "areas"
sensory / motor / associated
36
describe three types of brain areas
sensory: no prior filtering/analysis motor: originate voluntary movements associated: (cortical areas) interpret for meaningful recognition and awareness
37
describe brodmann areas
subtle changes in thickness of cerebral cortex; mapped 52 different cortical areas
38
areas of Broca's speech area
area 44/45; planning-production of speech
39
where do nerve impulses for Broca's speech area travel
pass to premotor regions that control muscles of larynx, pharynx, and mouth
40
describe wernicke's area
area 22, possibly 39/40; broad region of temporal and parietal lobes; interprets meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words
41
what is aphasia
inability to use/comprehend words
42
which side of brain contains language areas
left cerebral hemisphere of most people
43
what does damage to Broca's speech area cause
non-fluent aphasia
44
what does damage to Wernicke's area cause
fluent aphasia
45
left hemisphere is associated in what
control over language abilities, mathematical abilities, logic
46
right hemisphere is associated in
spatial skills, intuition, emotion, appreciation of art/music
47
function asymmetry is termed
hemispheric lateralization
48
alzheimer is defined as
disabling senile dementia
49
progression of alzheimers
initial problem with memory; confusion-gets lost; disorientation grows/memories disappear; motor movement; death
50
alzheimer autopsy findings
loss of neurons of nucleus basale (liberates ACh); beta-amyloid plaques (proteins outside neurons); neurofibrillary tangles (bundles of protein filaments inside neurons)
51
concussion contusion
temporary loss of consciousness bruising of brain-associated with concussion
52
``` define: free radicals hematoma hypoxia ischemia laceration necrosis cerebrovascular accident (stroke) ```
``` freely moving charged molecules pooled blood oxygen deprivation reduction of blood flow tear of brain death of tissue loss of brain function from destruction of brain tissue (commonly caused by intracerebral hemorrhage) ```
53
``` define: transient ischemic attack brain tumor ADHD agnosia apraxia lethargy reyes syndrome stupor ```
episode of temporary cerebral dysfunction (impaired blood flow to brain) abnormal tissue growth of brain learning disorder inability to recognize significant in sensory stimuli inability to carry out purposeful movements in absence of paralysis condition of functionally sluggishness potentially fatal syndrome (effects brain/liver) occurs after viral infection-children/teens who've taken aspirin unresponsiveness from which a patient can be aroused only briefly-vigorous stimulation

A&P I (9 decks)

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