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A&P I > Block 3 - Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Block 3 - Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

cranial nerves are either what?

A

afferent (neurons only)

mixed (some combination of afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor))

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2
Q

mixed nerves are

A

primarily motor or sensory

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3
Q

two types of cranial nerves contain ONLY sensory neurons

A

cranial nerve I (optic)

cranial nerve II (olfactory)

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4
Q

cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear) contains

A

predominately sensory but has motor function present

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5
Q

what are the “sensory” nerves

A

cranial nerve I, II, VIII

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6
Q

no cranial nerves are exclusively

A

motor throughout their entire length

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7
Q

cranial nerves III, IV, VI, XI, XII are

A

predominately motor neurons

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8
Q

cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X are

A

mixed cranial nerves

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9
Q

cranial nerves V, VII, IX and X contain

A

both sensory and motor neurons

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10
Q

cranial nerves IV and VI innervate

what is unique

A

trochlear (superior oblique) and abducens (lateral rectus)(eye)

both muscles of extrinsic muscles of the eye

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11
Q

the trochlear and abducens nerves are

A

primarily motor with proprioreception of its muscle being its sensory function

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12
Q

what do all motor cranial nerves possess

A

neurons that INNERVATE somatic (skeletal) muscles

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13
Q

what motor cranial nerves have autonomic motor axons

A

III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus)

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14
Q

what are the autonomic axons a part of

A

parasympathetic division, and innervate glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles

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15
Q

what does “in-situ” mean

A

in place

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16
Q

describe the olfactory nerves

A

Cranial Nerve I
entirely sensory
sense of smell
olfactory bulb and tract are NOT in CN I

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17
Q

Describe the receptors of the olfactory nerves

A

receptors are bipolar
axons of receptors extend thru the cribiform plate of the ethmoid
the bundles are the olfactory nerve

18
Q

when a patient cannot perceive a common non-offensive smell

A

anosmia

19
Q

describe the optic nerves

A

Cranial Nerve II
entirely sensory
myelinated axons

20
Q

what are light sensitive cells

A

optic (cranial nerve II) - rods and cons in retina

21
Q

describe signal pathway of rods and cones

A

sense light –> bipolar cells –> ganglion cells in retina

22
Q

what forms the optic tract

A

axons of the ganglion cells form the optic nerve which then form the optic tract

23
Q

when a patient cannot utilize/perceive peripheral vision

A

damage to optic nerve (CN II)

24
Q

describe cranial nerve III

A

oculomotor
mainly MOTOR
controls extrinsic eye muscles not innervated by IV, VI
innervates intrinsic eye muscles: ciliary muscle (on lens) sphincter pupillae (iris)

25
Q

what type of innervation does occulomotor possess

A

parasympathetic innervation to intrinsic eye muscles

26
Q

the occulomotor innervates the muscle of the upper eyelid

A

levator palpebrae superioris

27
Q

patient test of oculomotor

A

pupils constrict when light is shined in only one eye

28
Q

describe trochlear

A

Cranial Nerve IV
mainly motor
smallest of cranial nerves
innervates superior oblique muscle of eye

29
Q

what cranial nerve arise from the posterior aspect of the brain stem

A

trochlear

30
Q

what is the trochlea

A

pulley-like loop that the superior oblique muscle passes thru

31
Q

what moves the eyeball inferiorly and laterally

A

superior oblique

32
Q

test for cranial nerves III, IV, VI

A

following moving object with the eyes

33
Q

describe trigeminal

A

cranial nerve V
mixed nerve
largest of all cranial nerves
emerges from pons isolated from other CNs

34
Q

what does trigeminal provide

A

sensory to face, head, and ANTERIOR 2/3 of tongue (TACTILE)

motor for chewing movements

function is mastication, facial sensation

35
Q

what are the two trigeminal roots

A

smaller motor root for mastication

larger sensory root: ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, mandibular nerve

36
Q

what are the three sub nerves of the CN V?

A

opththalmic nerve (v1), maxillary nerve (v2), mandibular (v3)

37
Q

physical exam for trigemial

A

assessment of motor function; bite down while feeling the masseter muscle, then to have the patient attempt to open their mouth against resistance applied by the examiner

38
Q

corneal relfex tests for

A

ophthalmic nerve (CNV1)

39
Q

describe dermatome

A

area of skin that is mainly supplied by afferent nerve fibers from a single dorsal root of spinal nerve which forms a part of a spinal nerve.

40
Q

cranial nerve V is the what for the skin of face and scalp

A

dermatome

41
Q

describe CN VI

A

abducens

lateral rectus muscles - lateral movement

A&P I (9 decks)

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