Block 1 - Tissues Flashcards
What are the four basic types of tissues and explain them?
Epithelial – covering and lining; glands Connective – connect, support, filling spaces Muscle – generate forces that provide for movement Nervous – cell-to-cell communication
________ _________ connect adjacent cells mechanically at the cell membranes or through cytoskeletal elements within and between cells.
intracellular junctions
_________ __________ are found where a leakproof seal is needed between cells. They keep materials from leaking out of organs like the stomach and bladder.
tight junctions
_________ __________ make an adhesion belt (like the belt on your pants) that Keeps tissues from separating as they stretch and contract. _________ (transmembrane proteins) attach to the plaque, partially cross the intercellular space, and connect to the same type of transmembrane protein from an adjacent cells Plaque attaches to microfilaments
Adherens junction cadherins
Desmosomes and adherens junctions are dissimilar because the plaque does not attach to ________, but rather attaches to ________ filaments
microfilaments; intermediate
Define a hemidesmosome.
“half desmosome”
Transmembrane glycoproteins called integrins replace the cadherins of desmosomes, and attach to the basement membrane Anchors an epithelial cell to the basement membrane.
In hemidesmosomes, the transmembrane glycoproteins called _______ replace the ________ of desmosomes
integrins
cadherins
All epithelia have a free ______ surface and an attached basal surface.
apical (free) surface
Moving external to internal, the epithelium has these layers:
epithelium –> ______ _______, made up of thes two lamina: ________ lamina, _______ lamina –> connective tissue where nerves and blood vessels are located.
basement membrane; basal lamina and reticular lamina
What are the functions of the epithelial cells?
Protection
Filtration
Secretion
Absorption
Excretion
Identify each layer arrangement and cell shape.
simple, psuedostratified, stratified
squamous, cuboidal, columnar
Simple squamous epithelium is composed of the single layer of flat cells found in:
In the air sacs of lungs
In the lining of blood
vessels, the heart, and lymphatic vessels
In all capillaries, including those of the kidney
As the major part of a
serous membrane
– Simple ________ makes up epithelial membranes and lines the blood vessels.
– ________ is common in the digestive tract.
–__________ ________ ________ is characteristic of the upper respiratory tract.
– __________ epithelium is found in the bladder.
– _________ epithelium lines ducts and sweat glands.
–Simple squamous makes up epithelial membranes and lines the blood vessels.
–Columnar is common in the digestive tract.
–Pseudostratified ciliated
columnar is characteristic
of the upper respiratory tract.
–Transitional is found in
the bladder.
–Cuboidal lines ducts and
sweat glands.
Define Goblet cells.
Goblet cells are simple columnar cells that have differentiated to acquire the ability to secrete mucous
Fill in the blank.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium has ciliated tissues that have cells that secrete mucous. What is the name of those cells?
Goblet cells
Keratinized and Non-keratinized are features of what type of tissue?
stratified squamous epithelium
What type of tissue is on top and bottom?
Top: nonkeratinized (outer layer still has nucleus) stratified squamous epithelium
Bottom: keratinized (outer layer loses nucleus) stratified squamous epithelium
What type of epithelium has an apical surface that is made up of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells?
stratified cuboidal epithelium
The cells of this epithelium can change shape depending on the state of the stretch in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?
transitional epithelium
Fill in the blanks in the diagram.
– Simple ________ makes up epithelial membranes and lines the blood vessels.
– ________ is common in the digestive tract.
–__________ ________ ________ is characteristic of the upper respiratory tract.
– __________ epithelium is found in the bladder.
– _________ epithelium lines ducts and sweat glands.
–Simple squamous makes up epithelial membranes and lines the blood vessels.
–Columnar is common in the digestive tract.
–Pseudostratified ciliated
columnar is characteristic
of the upper respiratory tract.
–Transitional is found in
the bladder.
–Cuboidal lines ducts and
sweat glands.
A specialized simple squamous epithelium that lines the entire circulatory system from the heart to the smallest capillary – it is extremely important in reducing turbulence of flow of blood.
Found in serous membranes such as the pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum.
Endothelium
Mesothelium
Single cell or group of cells that secrete substances into a duct, onto a surface or into the blood.
What do these screte into?
What two types are there?
Gland
ducts, surface, blood
exocrine / endocrine
