Block 4: Practice Exam #2 Flashcards
Typically, the splenic artery directly gives off all of the following branches EXCEPT:
A. left gastroepiploic artery
B. short gastric arteries
C. pancreatic artery branches
D. gastroduodenal artery
gastroduodenal artery
The gas exchanged that takes place within the alveoli of the lungs occurs between ________ blood from the ____________ and returns to the heart through the ____________ as ________ blood.
A. deoxygenated; pulmonary veins / pulmonary arteries; oxygenated
B. oxygenated; pulmonary arteries / pulmonary veins; deoxygenated
C. deoxygenated; pulmonary arteries / pulmonary veins; oxygenated
D. deoxygenated; pulmonary arteries / pulmonary arteries; oxygenated
deoxygenated; pulmonary arteries / pulmonary veins; oxygenated
All of the following are found in the posterior mediastinum EXCEPT?
A. azygos vein
B. descending aorta
C. trachea
D. vagus nerve
trachea
Damage to the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve would affect all of the following muscles EXCEPT:
A. bulbospongiosus
B. levator ani
C. external anal sphincter
D. superficial transverse perineus
external anal sphincter
Quadratus lumborum has attachments (origin or insertion) to all of the following EXCEPT:
A. iliac crest
B. iliolumbar ligament
C. lower border of the 12th rib
D. bodies of the lumbar vertebrae
bodies of the lumbar vertebrae
Which of the following organs/structures can be found in all four quadrants of the abdomen?
A. heart
B. kidney
C. colon
D. spleen
colon
All of the following are prevertebral ganglia EXCEPT:
A. Aorticorenal
B. Celiac
C. Inferior mesenteric
D. Superior cervical
Superior cervical
Which one of the following ganglia is NOT associated with the parasympathetic system?
A. Celiac
B. Ciliary
C. Pterygopalantine
D. Submandibular
Celiac
Parasympathetic stimulation results in all of the following responses EXCEPT:
A. bronchial constriction
B. ejaculation
C. penile erection
D. secretion of salivary glands
ejaculation
Sympathetic stimulation results in all of the following responses EXCEPT:
A. contraction of the bladder
B. dilation of the bronchi
C. dilation of the pupil
D. ejaculation
contraction of the bladder
Damage to the upper thoracic spine (T1 – T4) may disrupt sympathetic input to all of the following EXCEPT:
A. carotid arteries
B. iris of the eyeball
C. salivary glands
D. stomach
stomach
All of the following are parts of the vulva EXCEPT:
A. vagina
B. clitoris
C. labia majora
D. labia minora
vagina
All of the following muscles have their primary action on the trunk EXCEPT:
A. Psoas Major
B. Psoas Minor
C. Quadratus Lumborum
D. Rectus Abdominis
Psoas Major
Damage to the L1 nerve root would affect all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Internal Oblique Muscle
B. Quadratus Lumborum
C. Iliacus
D. Transverse Abdominis
Iliacus
The transverse abdominis has attachments (origin or insertion) to all of the following sites EXCEPT:
A. iliac crest
B. lower 6 costal cartilages
C. lumbar vertebrae
D. medial 1/3 of the inguinal ligament
medial 1/3 of the inguinal ligament
The pelvic diaphragm is comprised of all of the following muscles EXCEPT:
A. coccygeus
B. iliococcygeus of levator ani
C. pubococcygeus of levator ani
D. superficial transverse perineus
superficial transverse perineus
Which one of the following statements is FALSE:
A. L1 and L2 give branches to form the genitofemoral nerve
B. The pudendal nerve has four named branches
C. Ilioinguinal nerve supplies sensory fibers to the root of the penis and the labia majora
D. Genitofemoral nerve innervates the cremaster muscle
The pudendal nerve has four named branches
Which of the following organs is NOT considered part of the digestive system?
A. gallbladder
B. pancreas
C. spleen
D. liver
spleen
Damage to which of the following arteries would lead to loss of blood flow to the upper portion of the bladder?
A. umbilical artery
B. superior vesical artery
C. uterine artery
D. deferent artery
superior vesical artery
Which one of the following statements concerning the bony thorax is INCORRECT?
A. There are 12 thoracic vertebrae
B. There are eight pairs of ribs which articulate directly with the sternum
C. There are three pairs of ribs which attach indirectly to the sternum via costal cartilages
D. The 11th and 12th ribs are called “floating” ribs
There are eight pairs of ribs which articulate directly with the sternum
The right coronary artery follows the coronary sulcus around the heart and branches into:
A. the anterior interventricular branch and the circumflex branch
B. the posterior interventricular branch and circumflex branch
C. the posterior interventricular branch and right marginal branch
D. the right marginal branch and circumflex branch
the posterior interventricular branch and right marginal branch
What would happen if the papillary muscle of the heart failed to contract?
A. blood would not enter the atria during atrial diastole
B. the AV valves (i.e. bicuspid and tricuspid) would not remain closed during ventricular systole
C. the semilunar valves would not open, restricting blood to the aorta and pulmonary trunk
D. the ventricles would not pump blood due to blockage
the AV valves (i.e. bicuspid and tricuspid) would not remain closed during ventricular systole
The three large arteries that originate along the aortic arch and deliver blood to the head, neck, shoulders and upper extremity are the:
A. brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
B. brachiocephalic, left subclavian, right subclavian
C. right subclavian, brachiocephalic, left common carotid
D. right common carotid, left common carotid, brachiocephalic
brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
In order, which of the following is the third portion of the conduction system of the heart?
A. Atrioventricular (AV) node
B. Bundle of His
C. Purkinjie Fibers
D. Sinoatrial (SA) node
Bundle of His
Stroke volume equals:
A. (end-diastolic volume) + (end-systolic volume)
B. (end-diastolic volume) X (end-systolic volume)
C. (end-diastolic volume) – (end-systolic volume)
D. (end-diastolic volume) / (end-systolic volume)
(end-diastolic volume) – (end-systolic volume)
In the respiratory system, the trachea begins at the level of the ________ vertebra, and subsequently divides into the left and right primary bronchii at the level of the ________ vertebra?
A. C4; T2
B. C5; T3
C. C6; T4
D. C7; T5
C6; T4
Which of the following structures is the most common site for aspiration of an object (such as a peanut)?
A. right primary bronchus
B. left primary bronchus
C. right secondary bronchus
D. left secondary bronchus
right primary bronchus
The region where the bronchi and blood vessels enter and exit the lungs is called the:
A. apex
B. capsule
C. cupola
D. hilum
hilum
Dilation of the bronchi is in response to:
A. cranial nerve activation
B. parasympathetic activation
C. somatic activation
D. sympathetic activation
sympathetic activation
Which one of the following is found in the posterior inferior mediastinum?
A. Ascending aorta
B. Heart
C. Phrenic nerves
D. Vagus nerves
Vagus nerves
The right colic flexure of the large intestine occurs between the:
A. ascending colon and transverse colon
B. cecum and ascending colon
C. descending colon and sigmoid colon
D. transverse colon and descending colon
ascending colon and transverse colon
The terminal (end) portion of the small intestine is the:
A. cecum
B. duodenum
C. ileum
D. jejunum
ileum
The three pairs of salivary glands that secrete into the oral cavity are:
A. alpha, beta, gamma
B. gastric, parietal, chief
C. palatal, lingual, mesenteric
D. parotid, sublingual, submandibular
parotid, sublingual, submandibular
From the distal to proximal, the three parts of the small intestine are:
A. duodenum, jejunum, ileum
B. duodenum, ileum, jejunum
C. ileum, jejunum, duodenum
D. jejunum, ileum, duodenum
ileum, jejunum, duodenum
Which sequence lists the parts of the large intestine in order from the small intestine to the terminal end?
A. cecum, colon, rectum
B. cecum, rectum, colon
C. colon, cecum, rectum
D. colon, rectum, cecum
cecum, colon, rectum
Which of the following arteries is the terminal branch of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?
A. lateral sacral artery
B. inferior gluteal artery
C. internal pudendal artery
D. superior gluteal artery
superior gluteal artery
An ulcer through the posterior wall of the duodenum could potentially cause damage to which one of the following arteries?
A. gastroduodenal
B. splenic
C. left gastric
D. right gastroepiploic
gastroduodenal
Food passes from the small intestine to the large intestine through the:
A. cardiac orifice
B. iliocecal valve
C. pyloric sphincter
D. splenic flexure
iliocecal valve
The efferent portion of the stretch reflexes within the large intestine that give the urge to defecate are associate with the:
A. muscular system
B. parasympathetic system
C. somatic system
D. sympathetic system
parasympathetic system
Mesentery, lesser omentum, greater omentum are all collectively associated with the:
A. esophagus
B. liver
C. mucosa of the digestive tract
D. peritoneum
peritoneum
Secretions of digestive enzymes from the pancreas pass through the ____________ to dump into the duodenum.
A. blood stream
B. common bile duct
C. pancreatic duct
D. vas deferens
pancreatic duct
The structure that prevents gastric reflux is called the:
A. sphincter of odi
B. gastric sphincter
C. cardiac sphincter
D. pyloric sphincter
cardiac sphincter
The funnel-shaped upper end of the ureter is called the _________; the lower end of the ureter penetrates the posterior wall of the ____________.
A. renal pelvis, urethra
B. renal pelvis, urinary bladder
C. renal sinus, urethra
D. renal sinus, urinary bladder
renal pelvis, urinary bladder
Urine in the minor calyx drains immediately into the:
A. renal hilum
B. renal sinus
C. major calyx
D. renal pelvis
major calyx
Sperm matures in the:
A. ejaculatory duct
B. epididymis
C. seminal vesicles
D. vas deferens
epididymis
This gland encircles the neck of the bladder in the male:
A. bulbourethral gland
B. cowper’s gland
C. prostate gland
D. seminal vesicle
prostate gland
Erection of the penis or clitoris involves which one of the following parts of the nervous system:
A. parasympathetic system
B. somatic system
C. sympathetic system
D. both A &C
parasympathetic system
The external anal sphincter is innervated by the:
A. genitofemoral nerve
B. inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve
C. nerve to the dorsum of the penis
D. perineal branch of the pudendal nerve
inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve
Which one of the following muscle’s MAIN function is to help maintain erection of the penis or clitoris?
A. bulbocavernosus
B. deep transverse perineus
C. superficial transverse perineus
D. ischiocavernosus
ischiocavernosus
The pudendal nerve originates from which of the following nerve roots?
A. L1, L2
B. S1, S2
C. L2, L3, L4
D. S2, S3, S4
S2, S3, S4
Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers primarily innervate which of the following?
A. detrusor muscle
B. lacrimal gland
C. sweat glands
D. corpora cavernosa
sweat glands
Sympathetic presynaptic axons reaching the chain ganglia can do all of the following EXCEPT?
A. Synapse with a postganglionic neuron in the same chain ganglion
B. Pass through the chain ganglion without synapsing and run in a splanchnic nerve to one of the paravertebral ganglion
C. Ascend in the sympathetic trunk and synapse in a chain ganglion at a different level
D. Descend in the sympathetic trunk and synapse in a chain ganglion at a different level
Pass through the chain ganglion without synapsing and run in a splanchnic nerve to one of the paravertebral ganglion
Sympathetic pathways to the abdomen are likely to synapse in:
A. chain ganglion
B. intramural ganglion
C. prevertebral ganglion
D. stellate ganglion
intramural ganglion
White rami communicantes carry:
A. presynaptic sympathetic fibers
B. postsynaptic sympathetic fibers
C. presynaptic parasympathetic fibers
D. postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers
presynaptic sympathetic fibers
The sympathetic system originates from the:
A. craniosacral region
B. craniothoracic region
C. thoracolumbar region
D. thoracosacral region
thoracolumbar region
Elevation of the testes towards the body is achieved through the action of a muscle innervated by which one of the following nerves?
A. parasympathetic nerve fibers
B. iliohypogastric
C. genitofemoral
D. ilioinguinal
genitofemoral
The kidneys are protected by two layers of fat that are separated by the:
A. renal capsule
B. renal fascia
C. peritoneum
D. pleura
renal fascia
The shortest segment of the male urethra is the:
A. prostatic part
B. membranous part
C. spongy part
D. seminal part
membranous part
The femoral nerve usually travels along the posterior abdominal wall emerging from behind the ________________ muscle coursing to innervate the iliacus and the muscles of the anterior thigh.
A. psoas major
B. psoas minor
C. quadratus lumborum
D. iliacus
psoas major
A high school football player has an injury to the left upper quadrant of the abdomen during a game. Which of the following would most likely be injured?
A. liver
B. spleen
C. stomach
D. sigmoid colon
spleen
Which of the following structures/organs is considered retropertioneal?
A. stomach
B. transverse colon
C. ascending colon
D. liver
ascending colon
The primary function of the fluid from the prostate gland is to:
A. enhances motility of the sperm
B. nourish the sperm
C. neutralize the acidic environment of the urethra
D. mature the sperm
enhances motility of the sperm
The most external part of the pericardium is the:
A. parietal serous pericardium
B. fibrous pericardium
C. visceral serous pericardium
D. loose connective tissue pericardium
fibrous pericardium
The middle cardiac vein runs with which artery?
A. aorta
B. coronary sinus
C. anterior interventricular
D. posterior interventricular
posterior interventricular
Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the perineum?
A. Internal pudendal
B. Inferior gluteal
C. Obturator
D. Superior vesicle
Internal pudendal
The structures that draw an ovulated oocyte into the uterine (fallopian) tube are called:
A. microvilli
B. stereocilia
C. amoebas
D. fimbriae
fimbriae
Which of the following correctly describes the typical order of the nerves of the posterior abdominal wall from most cranial to most caudal?
A. Subcostal; ilioinguinal; iliohypogastric; lateral femoral cutaneous; genitofemoral
B. Subcostal; iliohypogastric; ilioinguinal; genitofemoral; lateral femoral cutaneous
C. Subcostal; iliohypogastric; ilioinguinal; lateral femoral cutaneous; genitofemoral
D. Subcostal; iliohypogastric; lateral femoral cutaneous; ilioinguinal; genitofemoral
Subcostal; iliohypogastric; ilioinguinal; lateral femoral cutaneous; genitofemoral
Injury to both the superior mesenteric artery and the vagus nerve affects which portion of the colon?
A. ascending and descending segments
B. ascending and transverse segments
C. descending and sigmoid segments
D. transverse and sigmoid segments
ascending and transverse segments
Which of the following ligaments normally is found in the inguinal canal of a female?
A. suspensory ligament of the ovary
B. round ligament
C. broad ligament
D. mesosalpinx
round ligament
Parasympathetic presynaptic fibers in the pelvic splanchnic nerves synapse in which of the following ganglia?
A. ganglia in or near the viscera or pelvic plexus
B. sympathetic chain ganglia
C. collateral ganglia
D. dorsal root ganglia
ganglia in or near the viscera or pelvic plexus
The duct of the seminal vesicle
A. joins the duct of the bulbourethral gland to form the ejaculatory duct
B. opens into the membranous urethra
C. transmits sperm into the membranous urethra
D. unites with the vas deferens to form an ejaculatory duct
unites with the vas deferens to form an ejaculatory duct
Which of the following structures would articulate with the third rib?
A. manubrium of the sternum
B. body of the second thoracic vertebra
C. body of the fourth thoracic vertebra
D. transverse process of the second thoracic vertebra
body of the second thoracic vertebra
The posterior intercostal arteries arise from which of the following arteries?
A. thoracic aorta
B. subclavian
C. internal thoracic
D. axillary
thoracic aorta
The intercostal nerves arise from
A. ventral rami of T1 – T11
B. dorsal rami of T1 – T11
C. ventral nerve roots of T1 – T11
D. dorsal nerve roots of T1 – T11
ventral rami of T1 – T11
The intercostal arteries and nerves run between what two layers of muscles?
A. external and internal intercostal muscles
B. internal and innermost intercostal muscles
C. external intercostal and transversus thoracis muscles
D. innermost intercostal and subcostal muscles
internal and innermost intercostal muscles
Which of the following referred pain pattern is CORRECT?
A. Left shoulder referred from gall bladder
B. Left shoulder referred from liver
C. Right shoulder referred from diaphragm
D. Right shoulder referred from heart
Right shoulder referred from diaphragm
Which chamber of the heart forces blood to the lungs?
A. Left Atrium
B. Left Ventricle
C. Right Atrium
D. Right Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Which of the following great vessels and directional blood flow is correct?
A. Aorta, away from heart
B. Pulmonary artery, to the heart
C. Pulmonary vein, away from heart
D. Right coronary artery, to the heart
Aorta, away from heart
What is the name of the hernia that is most common in men older than 40 years of age?
A. Epigastric
B. Umbilical
C. Direct inguinal
D. Indirect inguinal
Direct inguinal
Which chamber of the heart has 4 incoming vessel?
A. Left Atrium
B. Left Ventricle
C. Right Atrium
D. Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
