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Human Anatomy - Practice Exams > Block 2: Practice Exam #1 > Flashcards

Block 2: Practice Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Coxa vara refers to:

A) an abnormal decrease in the angle between the shaft of the femur and the tibia.

B) an abnormal decrease in the angle between the head and neck of the femur and its
shaft (angle of inclination).

C) an abnormally short distance between the anterior superior iliac spine and the center
of the acetabulum.

D) an abnormally short distance between the iliac crest and the greater trochanter.

E) an abnormally short femur.

A

an abnormal decrease in the angle between the head and neck of the femur and its
shaft (angle of inclination)

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2
Q

A patient describes that his foot was forced into an excessively inverted and plantar flexed position. Which of the following is the most likely injured first?

A) anterior talo-fibular ligament

B) anterior tibio-talor ligament

C) calcaneo-fibular ligament

D) calcaneo-tibial ligament

A

anterior talo-fibular ligament

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3
Q

The talus articulates with all of the following bones except:

A) cuboid.

B) navicular.

C) calcaneus.

D) tibia.

E) fibula.

A

cuboid

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4
Q

The iliotibial tract is the conjoint distal aponeurotic attachment of which of the following pairs of muscles?

A) gluteus medius and minimus

B) gluteus medius and maximus

C) gluteus maximus and the tensor of the fascia lata

D) the tensor of the fascia lata and rectus femoris

A

gluteus maximus and the tensor of the fascia late

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5
Q

Which of the following would you do to test the function of the femoral nerve?

A) Have the patient do a sit-up while you hold and resist his thigh.

B) Have the patient extend his thigh against your resistance.

C) Have the patient extend his knee against your resistance.

D) Have the patient flex his knee against your resistance.

A

Have the patient extend his knee against your resistance

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6
Q

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the patella?

A) It increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps femoris for extending the
knee.

B) Its apex indicates the level of the knee joint when the leg is extended.

C) Pain felt deep to it may be associated with a condition known as chondromalacia
patella.

D) It is the smallest sesmoid bone in the body.

A

It is the smallest sesmoid bone in the body

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7
Q

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the femoral triangle?

A) The femoral sheath and its contents enter the triangle by passing posterior to the
inguinal ligament.

B) The femoral nerve enters the triangle by passing deep to the inguinal ligament.

C) The pectineus muscle forms the lateral boundary of the triangle.

D) It contains the femoral vein.

A

The pectineus muscle forms the lateral boundary of the triangle

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8
Q

The adductor canal is:

A) an opening in the adductor magnus muscle.

B) a mid-thigh intermuscular passageway that conducts the femoral vessels.

C) the space between the adductor longus and brevis that transmits the anterior
divisions of the obturator vessels.

D) the passageway used by the obturator internus muscle to exit the pelvis.

A

a mid-thigh intermuscular passageway that conducts the femoral vessels

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9
Q

Your friend is diagnosed with trochanteric bursitis. You explain to him that this bursa is between the:

A) iliopsoas tendon and the lesser trochanter, allowing the muscle to move freely
across the neck of the femur.

B) obturator externus and the lesser trochanter, allowing the muscle to move freely
across the trochanter.

C) gluteus maximus and medius at the site of the greater trochanter, allowing the
muscles to move freely across one another.

D) gluteus maximus and the greater trochanter, allowing the muscle to smoothly slide
over the trochanter.

A

gluteus maximus and the greater trochanter, allowing the muscle to smoothly slide
over the trochanter

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10
Q

The piriformis muscle:

A) is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.

B) is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve.

C) may compress the sciatic nerve, a condition called piriformis syndrome.

D) medially rotates the thigh.

A

may compress the sciatic nerve, a condition called piriformis syndrome

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11
Q

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the hamstrings?

A) They all attach to the tibia.

B) They all attach to the ischial tuberosity.

C) They all can produce both hip extension and knee flexion.

D) One of them is part of the “pes anserinus.”

A

they all attach to the tibia

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12
Q

Following an argument with his wife in which a man backed through a glass storm door resulting in deep laceration of his buttocks, he is having great difficulty walking. To better understand the nature of his disability, you ask him to stand on one foot. By doing
so, you are doing all of the following EXCEPT:

A) using a Trendelenburg test.

B) evaluating the function of the abductors of the thigh.

C) evaluating the function of the gluteus medius and minimus.

D) evaluating the function of the gluteus maximus.

E) evaluating the function of the superior gluteal nerve.

A

evaluating the function of the gluteus maximus

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13
Q

While assisting in a surgery to repair the middle portion of a torn semitendinosus muscle, the surgeon points to an artery supplying that portion of the muscle and asks you to name it. You reply:

A) deep artery of the thigh (profunda femoris).

B) superior gluteal artery.

C) obturator artery.

D) femoral artery.

A

deep artery of the thigh (profunda femoris)

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14
Q

Which of the following is not correct pertaining to the popliteal artery?

A) It begins at the adductor hiatus.

B) It is the continuation of the femoral artery.

C) It is located superficial to the tibial nerve in
the popliteal fossa.

D) It is located deep to the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa.

A

It is located superficial to the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa

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15
Q

Inability to dorsiflex the ankle and invert the foot is do to damage of which of the following nerves?

A) anterior tibial nerve

B) posterior tibial nerve

C) superficial peroneal nerve

D) deep peroneal nerve

A

deep peroneal nerve

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16
Q

You examine a mildly obese sedentary patient who is complaining of pain in the distal two-thirds of her tibia after participating in a 10-mile walk for cerebral palsy. When you exert pressure on her tibialis anterior, she winces in pain. Your most likely diagnosis is:

A) venous compression of the muscle due to inadequate venous return.

B) shin splints.

C) lymphedema due to sedentary lifestyle.

D) anterior tibial artery hemorrhage.

E) tibialis anterior atrophy.

A

shin splints

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17
Q

Which of the following is not true of the peroneal longus, brevis, or tertius?

A) innervated by deep peroneal nerve

B) plantarflexes ankle

C) attaches to the first metatarsal

D) attaches to the calcaneus

A

attaches to the calcaneus

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18
Q

Fracture of the femoral neck which of the following nerves will most likely be injured?

A) common peroneal

B) tibial

C) superficial peroneal

D) deep peroneal

A

common peroneal

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19
Q

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon?

A) It is the common distal attachment of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris
muscles.

B) It continues into the foot as the long plantar ligament.

C) It is used to test S1and S2 nerve function.

D) It is separated from the superior part of the posterior surface of the calcaneus by a
bursa.

A

It continues into the foot as the long plantar ligament

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20
Q

The tibialis posterior:

A) everts the foot.

B) attaches to the femur.

C) supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot.

D) is innervated by the deep fibular nerve.

A

supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot

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21
Q

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the dorsalis pedis artery?

A) It enters the foot superficial to the extensor retinaculum.

B) It supplements the arterial supply to the plantar surface of the foot.

C) It gives rise to the arcuate artery.

D) It runs between the extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus tendons on the dorsum of the foot.

A

It enters the foot superficial to the extensor retinaculum

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22
Q

You examine a patient after an automobile accident that resulted in a posterior dislocation of the hip joint. Which nerve are you most concerned might have been injured by such an accident?

A) sciatic

B) femoral

C) obturator

D) lumbosacral trunk

A

sciatic

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23
Q

Genu valgum and genu varum refer to a knee that:

A) can be hyper-rotated medially and laterally, respectively.

B) can be hyperflexed and extended, respectively.

C) has a large Q-angle (knock-knees) and a small Q-angle (bow-legged), respectively.

D) can be displaced posteriorly and anteriorly, respectively.

A

has a large Q-angle (knock-knees) and a small Q-angle (bow-legged), respectively

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24
Q

The medial meniscus is injured much more frequently than the lateral meniscus because it is:

A) more mobile.

B) thinner.

C) attached to the medial collateral ligament.

D) attached to the popliteus.

A

attached to the medial collateral ligament

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25
Q

Abnormal sensation in the area of the lateral thigh is most likely an entrapment of what nerve?

A) anterior femoral cutaneous

B) posterior femoral cutaneous

C) femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

D) lateral femoral cutaneous

A

lateral femoral cutaneous

26
Q

Muscles active in producing thigh (hip) extension include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) adductor magnus

B) gluteus maximus

C) gluteus medius

D) semimembranosus

A

gluteus medius

27
Q

Abduction of the thigh (hip) involves all of the following muscles EXCEPT?

A) gluteus medius

B) gluteus minimus

C) piriformis

D) quadratus femoris

A

quadratus femoris

28
Q

Injury to the which of the following nerves will result in a trendelenburg gait?

A) inferior gluteal

B) superior gluteal

C) nerve to piriformis

D) pudendal

A

superior gluteal

29
Q

Which of the following occurs during the end of knee extension?

A) the femur glides forward on the medial tibial plateau

B) the medial femoral condyle pivots on the tibial plateau

C) the leg undergoes medial (internal) rotation

D) the lateral femoral condyle pivots on the lateral tibial plateau

A

the lateral femoral condyle pivots on the lateral tibial plateau

30
Q

Which of the following muscles inserts on the base of the 5th metatarsal?

A) abductor digiti minimi

B) peroneus brevis

C) peroneus longus

D) tibialis anterior

A

peroneus brevis

31
Q

Muscles that attach to the plantar surface of the distal phalanx of the second through fifth toes include the?

A) flexor digitorum brevis

B) flexor digitorum longus

C) lumbricals

D) plantar interossei

A

flexor digitorum longus

32
Q

Contraction of the plantar interosseous muscle between the fourth and fifth toes results primarily in?

A) abduction of the 4th toe

B) adduction of the 4th toe

C) adduction of the 5th toe

D) flexion of the interphalangeal joints of the 4th toe

A

adduction of the 5th toe

33
Q

The dorsal pedis artery is a continuation of which of the following arteries?

A) anterior tibial

B) lateral plantar

C) medial plantar

D) posterior tibial

A

anterior tibial

34
Q

All of the following muscles have a primary attachment to the greater trochanter EXCEPT:

A) gluteus maximus

B) gluteus medius

C) gluteus minimus

D) piriformis

A

gluteus maximus

35
Q

All of the following are found within the tarsal tunnel EXCEPT:

A) flexor hallucis longus tendon

B) posterior tibial artery

C) tibial nerve

D) tibialis anterior tendon

A

tibialis anterior tendon

36
Q

All of the following contribute to talocrural joint stability EXCEPT:

A) calcaneonavicular ligament

B) deltoid ligament

C) posterior talofibular ligament

D) trapezoid shape of dome of talus

A

calcaneonavicular ligament

37
Q

Numbness and tingling between the first and second toes on the dorsal aspect is most likely a result of an injury to which nerve?

A) deep peroneal

B) saphenous

C) superficial peroneal

D) sural

A

deep peroneal

38
Q

Which of the following supports the medial longitudinal arch?

A) long plantar ligament

B) peroneal longus tendon

C) plantar calcaneocuboid ligament

D) plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

A

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

39
Q

Muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg receive blood from which of the following arteries?

A) anterior tibial artery

B) lateral tibial artery

C) peroneal artery

D) posterior tibial artery

A

peroneal artery

40
Q

A patient is unable to prevent anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia when the knee is flexed. Which of the following ligaments is most likely damaged?

A) anterior cruciate

B) lateral collateral

C) medial collateral

D) posterior cruciate

A

posterior cruciate ligament

41
Q

Which of the following muscles is most likely damaged if the patient is unable to “unlock” the knee joint?

A) biceps femoris

B) gastrocnemius

C) popliteus

D) semimembranosus

A

popliteus

42
Q

A patient presents with sensory loss to the lateral dorsum of the foot and a weakness with plantar flexion and eversion. Which of the following nerves is most likely damaged?

A) deep peroneal

B) superficial peroneal

C) sural

D) tibial

A

superficial peroneal

43
Q

Rupture of the ligament of the head of the femur may lead to damage to a branch of which of the following arteries?

A) lateral circumflex femoral

B) medial circumflex femoral

C) obturator

D) superior gluteal

A

obturator

44
Q

Fracture of the acetabulum at its posterior and superior margin which of the following bone(s) is/are involved?

A) Ilium and ischium

B) Ilium and pubis

C) Ischium and sacrum

D) Ischium

A

ilium and ischium

45
Q

Which of the following structures remains intact if the structures that pass deep to the inferior or superior extensor retinaculum of the ankle are damaged?

A) anterior tibial nerve

B) extensor digitorum longus muscle

C) dorsal pedis artery

D) superficial peroneal nerve

A

superficial peroneal nerve

46
Q

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the posterior branch of the obturator nerve?

A) adductor magnus (adductor portion)

B) adductor magnus (hamstring portion)

C) adductor brevis

D) gracilis

A

adductor magnus (adductor portion)

47
Q

All of the following muscles externally rotate the femur EXCEPT:

A) piriformis

B) obturator internus

C) obturator externus

D) pectineus

A

pectineus

48
Q

Injury to which of the following muscles most likely causes weakness in flexing both the thigh and leg?

A) rectus femoris

B) biceps femoris

C) sartorius

D) adductor longus

A

sartorius

49
Q

All of the following are reinforcements to the posterior joint capsule of the knee EXCEPT:

A) oblique popliteal ligament

B) superficial medial collateral ligament

C) semimebranosus tendon

D) arcuate ligament

A

superficial medial collateral ligament

50
Q

The deep plantar arch is formed by the anastomosis of the lateral plantar artery and the ___________ artery?

A) deep plantar

B) arcuate

C) medial plantar

D) dorsal pedis

A

deep plantar

51
Q

An athlete that forcefully dorsiflexes and everts his foot will most likely injury which of the following ligaments?

A) Anterior talo-fibular

B) Calcaneo-fibular

C) Calcaneo-navicular

D) Anterior talo-tibial

A

anterior talo-tibial

52
Q

the appropriate action for the Anterior compartment musculature

A) Plantar flex the foot only

B) Plantar flex and invert the foot

C) Dorsiflex and evert the foot

D) Dorsiflex and invert the foot

A

Dorsiflex and invert the foot

53
Q

the appropriate action for the Deep posterior compartment musculature

A) Plantar flex the foot only

B) Plantar flex and invert the foot

C) Dorsiflex and evert the foot

D) Dorsiflex and invert the foot

A

Plantar flex and invert the foot

54
Q

the appropriate action for the Lateral compartment musculature

A) Plantar flex the foot only

B) Plantar flex and invert the foot

C) Dorsiflex and evert the foot

D) Dorsiflex and invert the foot

A

Plantar flex the only

55
Q

the appropriate action for the Superficial Posterior compartment musculature

A) Plantar flex the foot only

B) Plantar flex and invert the foot

C) Dorsiflex and evert the foot

D) Dorsiflex and invert the foot

A

Plantar flex the foot only

56
Q

Select the appropriate nerve with which it is most apt to be associated: Inability to stand on the toes by plantar flexion

A) Common peroneal nerve

B) Femoral Nerve

C) Obturator Nerve

D) Tibial Nerve

A

tibial nerve

57
Q

Select the appropriate nerve with which it is most apt to be associated: Inability to stand on the heels by dorsiflexion

A) Common peroneal nerve

B) Femoral Nerve

C) Obturator Nerve

D) Tibial Nerve

A

common peroneal nerve

58
Q

Select the appropriate nerve with which it is most apt to be associated: Inability to flex the knee

A) Common peroneal nerve

B) Femoral Nerve

C) Obturator Nerve

D) Tibial Nerve

A

tibial nerve

59
Q

Select the appropriate nerve with which it is most apt to be associated: Loss of Achilles tendon reflex

A) Common peroneal nerve

B) Femoral Nerve

C) Obturator Nerve

D) Tibial Nerve

A

tibial nerve

60
Q

Select the appropriate nerve with which it is most apt to be associated: Loss of knee-jerk reflex

A) Common peroneal nerve

B) Femoral Nerve

C) Obturator Nerve

D) Tibial Nerve

A

femoral nerve

Human Anatomy - Practice Exams (11 decks)

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