Block 3: Practice Exam #3 Flashcards
Which of the following associations is INCORRECT pertaining to the blood supply of the brain?
A. middle cerebral artery—supplies the lateral surface of the brain
B. anterior communication artery—connects anterior cerebral arteries
C. cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)—an
anastomosis between the two vertebral and two internal carotid arteries
D. posterior cerebral artery arises from the internal carotid artery
posterior cerebral artery arises from the internal carotid artery
If the posterior aspect of the spine was pierced, with a needle, all the way through to the spinal cord which of the following ligaments would NOT be pierced by the needle?
A. anterior longitudinal ligament
B. interspinous ligament
C. ligamentum flavum
D. supraspinous ligament
anterior longitudinal ligament
Which of the following does NOT have an insertion into the head?
A. iliocostalis
B. longissimus
C. semispinalis
D. spinalis
iliocostalis
Regarding the posterior scalene muscle, all of the following are true EXCEPT:
A. it originates from the transverse processes of the lower cervical vertebrae (usually C4 - C6)
B. it inserts on the second rib
C. is is innervated by the ventral rami of the 6th, 7th, and 8th cervical spinal nerves
7th, and 8th cervical spinal nerves
D. it aids in neck flexion along with the anterior and middle scalenes
E. it is a secondary respiratory muscle because it helps depress the second rib
it is a secondary respiratory muscle because it helps depress the second rib
Ligation (tying off) of the external carotid artery above the level where the occipital artery typically branches off would still allow blood to flow to all of the following arteries EXCEPT?
A. ascending pharyngeal
B. facial
C. lingual
D. maxillary
E. superior thyroid
maxillary
Which of the following nerves does NOT exit the skull through the superior orbital fissure?
A. ophthalmic (V1)
B. oculomotor
C. trochlear
D. maxillary (V2)
E. abducens
maxillary (V2)
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the lateral wall of the bony orbit?
A. frontal
B. ethmoid
C. sphenoid
D. zygomatic
ethmoid
The bones which contribute to the pterion of the skull include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. frontal
B. parietal
C. sphenoid
D. temporal
E. zygomatic
zygomatic
All of the following statements concerning the bones of the skull are true EXCEPT:
A. The maxilla forms the antero-lateral aspect of the orbit
B. The parietal bones are separated from each other by the sagittal suture
C. The pterygoid process is part of the sphenoid bone
D. The styloid process is part of the temporal bone
E. The zygomatic arch is a union between processes from the zygomatic and temporal bones
The maxilla forms the antero-lateral aspect of the orbit
Which of the following cranial nerves is INCORRECTLY identified with its entrance/exit from the cranial vault of the skull?
A. abducens - superior orbital fissure
B. maxillary - foramen ovale
C. oculomotor - superior orbital fissure
D. olfactory - cribiform plate
E. vestibulocochlear - internal auditory meatus
maxillary - foramen ovale
Which of the following does NOT attach the Atlas (C1) or Axis (C2) to the skull?
A. alar ligaments
B. apical ligament
C. superior band of cruciform (cruciate) ligament
D. tectorial membrane
E. Transverse Ligament of Atlas
Transverse Ligament of Atlas
Which of the following arteries is NOT a direct branch of the external carotid artery?
A. ascending pharyngeal
B. maxillary
C. middle meningeal
D. occipital
E. posterior auricular
middle meningeal
Compression of the first and second cervical nerve roots would result in weakness of all of the following muscles EXCEPT:
A. geniohyoid
B. mylohyoid
C. omohyoid
D. sternohyoid
E. thyrohyoid
mylohyoid
Which of the following signs would be consistent with Bell’s palsy?
A. inability to raise the upper eyelid
B. loss of the jaw jerk reflex
C. inability to smile
D. loss of ability to protrude the tongue E. loss of ability to focus on near objects
inability to smile
The muscle primarily responsible for pursing the lips together, as during speech, is which of the following?
A. orbicularis oris
B. risorius
C. zygomaticus major
D. buccinator
E. levator labii superioris
orbicularis oris
Fracture of the body of the mandible could result in loss of sensation to the lower row of teeth due to disruption of which of the following nerves?
A. lingual nerve
B. inferior alveolar nerve
C. chorda tympani
D. buccal nerve
E. masseteric nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
The afferent limb of the corneal reflex is through ____________ and the efferent limb of the corneal reflex is through ________________.
A. Ophthalmic nerve; Optic nerve
B. Oculomotor nerve; Ophthalmic nerve
C. Ophthalmic nerve; Facial nerve
D. Nasociliary nerve; Trochlear nerve
E. Oculomotor nerve; Facial nerve
Ophthalmic nerve; Facial nerve
Which of the following is a feature of the temporal bone?
A. coronal suture
B. glabella
C. superior nuchal line
D. the groove for the middle meningeal artery
E. foramen rotundum
the groove for the middle meningeal artery
The white part of the eye is referred to as which of the following names?
A. retina
B. sclera
C. iris
D. lacrimal lake
E. choroid
sclera
Upon examination of a patient with a knife wound to the right side of her neck, you observe that the patient has difficulty breathing. The most likely diagnosis is injury to the:
A. dorsal scapular nerve.
B. phrenic nerve.
C. spinal accessory nerve.
D. superior trunk of the brachial plexus.
E. suprascapular nerve.
phrenic nerve
The function of the multifidus muscle is:
A. extension
B. eccentric contraction controlling lateral bending
C. rotation of vertebral bodies to the opposite side
D. all of the above are functions of the multifidus
all of the above are functions of the multifidus
Spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal through the:
A. foramen magnum.
B. intervertebral foramen.
C. transverse vertebral foramen.
D. vertebral foramen.
intervertebral foramen.
A bilateral pars interarticularis defect leading to slippage of the vertebra is known by which of the following names?
A. lumbololysis
B. spondylolysis
C. spondylolithesis
D. spondylosis
spondylolithesis
While cooking you spill black pepper into the air causing you to sneeze. The sensation (afferent) impulse was carried to the brain via cranial nerve ________________ and the physical aspect of the sneeze (efferent) was mediated by cranial nerve ____________________.
A. V v1;X
B. V v2;X
C. VII;IX
D. VII;X
V (v2)
X
Which of the following is correct pertaining to the VIIth cranial nerve?
A. A lesion can result in hearing loss
B. A lesion can result in tinnitus
C. A lesion can result in vertigo
D. It exits the skull via the foramen ovale
E. It is the efferent limb of the corneal reflex
It is the efferent limb of the corneal reflex
Damage to which of the following cranial nerves will result in the eyeball drifting inward (medially, toward the nose)?
A. III
B. IV
C. V
D. VI
E. VII
VI
The middle meningeal artery enters the cranial vault through the ________________ and lies in the ________________ space.
A. foramen ovale; subdural
B. foramen spinosum; extradural
C. foramen rotundum; extradural
D. foramen spinosum; subdural
E. foramen lacerum; subdural
foramen spinosum; extradural
A morphological structure common to ALL cervical vertebrae is the
A. bifid spinous process
B. odontoid process (dens)
C. presence of a vertebral body
D. transverse vertebral foramen
E. all of the above are common to ALL cervical vertebrae
transverse vertebral foramen
Which of the following is (are) true statement(s) concerning the anterior scalene muscle?
A. It takes origin from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
B. it inserts into the scalene tubercle of the first rib
C. the roots of the brachial plexus lie posterior to it
D. it is innvervated by the ventral rami of the cervical spinal nerves
E. all of the above are true of the anterior scalene muscle
all of the above are true of the anterior scalene muscle
The uncus (uncinate process) is a unique feature of which of the following vertebral regions?
A. cervical
B. coccyx
C. lumbar
D. sacral
E. thoracic
cervical
A severe hyperextension injury of the spine would most likely injure which of the following ligaments?
A. anterior longitudinal ligament
B. interspinous ligament
C. ligamentum nuchae
D. posterior longitudinal ligament
E. supraspinous ligament
anterior longitudinal ligament
While in a bar playing darts, a man is struck in posterior neck, just distal to the occipital bone, with a dart. The injury paralyzes the suboccipital muscles. Which of the following nerves is most likely damaged?
A. cranial nerve II
B. cranial nerve XI
C. dorsal primary ramus of C1
D. dorsal primary ramus of C2
E. dorsal primary ramus of C3
dorsal primary ramus of C1
Inability to lift your eyebrows and forehead (as in acting surprised) is due to injury of which of the following nerves?
A. buccal branch of facial nerve
B. mandibular branch of trigeminal (V3)
C. ophthalmic branch of trigeminal (V1)
D. temporal branch of facial nerve
E. zygomatic branch of facial nerve
temporal branch of facial nerve
Sensation to the lower eyelid comes from the infraorbital nerve. The infraorbital nerve is a branch of which of the following nerves?
A. abducens
B. facial
C. trigeminal V1
D. trigeminal V2
E. trochlear
trigeminal V2
Paralysis of the levator palpabrae superioris muscle, resulting in Ptosis of the eyelid, would be a consequence of injury to which of the following nerves?
A. facial nerve - temporal branch
B. facial nerve - zygomatic branch
C. trigeminal nerve - V1
D. trigeminal nerve - V2
E. oculomotor nerve
oculomotor nerve
Information that is sent from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system is referred to as:
A. afferent
B. efferent
C. sensory
D. thoracic outlet
E. none of the above
efferent
The mandibular portion (V3) of the trigeminal nerve exits the cranial cavity via the:
A. foramen ovale
B. foramen rotundum
C. foramen spinosum
D. jugular foramen
E. superior orbital fissure
foramen ovale
The motor aspect (efferent limb) of the corneal reflex is through the:
A. glossopharyngeal nerve
B. facial nerve
C. oculomotor
D. trigeminal nerve (V1)
E. vagus nerve
facial nerve
The basilar artery branches into what two arteries?
A. anterior cerebral arteries
B. anterior communicating arteries
C. middle cerebral arteries
D. posterior cerebral arteries
E. posterior communicating arteries
posterior cerebral arteries
Paralysis of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle would result from an injury to which of the following nerves?
A. ansa cervicalis
B. facial nerve
C. glossopharyngeal nerve
D. spinal accessory nerve
E. mylohyoid nerve
mylohyoid nerve
The inability to close your right eye is a result of injury to which of the following nerves?
A. left oculomotor nerve
B. left trigeminal nerve (V1)
C. right oculomotor nerve
D. right trigeminal nerve (V1)
E. right facial nerve
right facial nerve
According to your notes, damage to the short ciliary nerves of the orbit would affect which of the following?
A. Parasympathetic innervation to the eye
B. Sympathetic innervation to the eye
C. Sensory innervation to the eye
D. Corneal reflex
E. Taste via the chorda tympani
Parasympathetic innervation to the eye
An object located in a person’s left visual field is received in the person’s ________ and ________ retinal fields and is projected to the occipital part of the brain by the __________.
A. right medial and left medial; right optic tract
B. right lateral and left lateral; left optic tract
C. left medial and left medial; left optic tract
D. left lateral and right medial; right optic tract
E. right lateral and left medial; right optic tract
right lateral and left medial; right optic tract
A patient complains of burning, stabbing pain in the pharynx that is intermittent. Heartburn has been ruled out. Which of the following nerves may be the cause of the pain?
A. facial nerve
B. glossopharyngeal nerve
C. hypoglossal nerve
D. trigeminal nerve
E. vagus nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve
Loss of saliva production from the submandibular gland could be a result of an injury to which of the following nerves?
A. facial
B. glossopharyngeal
C. hypoglossal
D. trigeminal
E. vagus
facial
Which of the following ligaments limits rotation of the median atlantoaxial joint?
A. apical ligament
B. inferior band of the cruciate ligament
C. alar ligaments
D. transverse ligament of atlas
E. tectorial membrane
alar ligaments
While running with the bulls in Pamplona you fall and get kicked in the head by a bull. After you wake up 2 days later you have an awful buzz/ring in your left ear. The most likely cause is damage to which of the following nerves?
A. facial
B. spinal accessory
C. trigeminal
D. vagus
E. vestibulocochlear
vestibulocochlear
Which of the following nerves provides parasympathetics to the thoracic viscera?
A. CN VIII
B. CN IX
C. CN X
D. CN XI
E. CN XII
CN X
The lateral border of the suboccipital triangle is which of the following muscles?
A. obliquus capitis superior
B. obliquus capitis inferior
C. rectus capitis anterior
D. rectus capitis lateralis
E. rectus capitis posterior major
obliquus capitis superior
Which muscle is innervated by a branch of the ansa cervicalis?
A. anterior belly of digastric
B. platysma
C. sternohyoid
D. sternocleidomastoid
E. trapezius
sternohyoid
Which of the following muscles is responsible for elevating the upper lip and carrying it forward?
A. levator labii superioris
B. orbicularis oris
C. mentalis
D. buccinator
E. zygomaticus major
levator labii superioris
Which of the following muscles is responsible for drawing the lower lip downward and laterally as in frowning?
A. depressor anguli oris
B. levator labii superioris
C. mentalis
D. orbicularis oris
E. temporalis
depressor anguli oris
After being stabbed in the posterior triangle of the neck (and surviving) your patient complains of weakness with shrugging her shoulder. Realizing that the injury was in the posterior triangle of the neck which of the following nerves would you suspect to be injured?
A. long thoracic nerve
B. phrenic nerve
C. spinal accessory nerve
D. suprascapular nerve
E. vagus nerve
spinal accessory nerve
Which opening (canal/foramen/fissure) does the nerve that carries sensation from the chin run through?
A. Optic canal
B. Foramen ovale
C. Foramen rotundum
D. Foramen spinosum
E. Superior orbital fissure
Foramen ovale
If the cranial nerve that enters the cranium through the foramen magnum and exits the cranial vault through the jugular foramen was damaged, which of the following motions would be most limited?
A. Ipsilateral sidebending and ipsilateral rotation of the head
B. Contralateral sidebending and contralateral rotation of the head
C. Contralateral sidebending and ipsilateral rotation of the head
D. Ipsilateral sidebending and contralateral rotation of the head
E. Depression of the lower lip
Ipsilateral sidebending and contralateral rotation of the head
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the trigeminal nerve?
A. The Maxillary nerve runs through the foramen rotundum.
B. The Maxillary nerve gives rise to the infraorbital nerve.
C. The Mandibular nerve innervates the muscles of mastication.
D. The Maxillary nerve provides sensation to the nasal cavity, palate, and upper teeth.
E. The Ophthalmic nerve innervates the lower eyelid, dorsum of the nose, and posterior nasal cavity.
The Ophthalmic nerve innervates the lower eyelid, dorsum of the nose, and posterior nasal cavity.
Which opening (canal/foramen/fissure) does the Ophthalmic Artery run through?
A. Optic canal
B. Foramen magnum
C. Foramen rotundum
D. Foramen spinosum
E. Superior orbital fissure
Optic canal
Which opening (canal/foramen/fissure) does the Occulomotor Nerve run through?
A. Optic canal
B. Foramen magnum
C. Foramen rotundum
D. Foramen spinosum
E. Superior orbital fissure
Superior orbital fissure
Loss of sensation to the palate may result from which of the following?
A. lesion of facial nerve
B. rupture of middle meningeal artery
C. lesion of the vagus nerve
D. lesion of the trigeminal nerve
E. lesion of the infraorbital nerve
lesion of the trigeminal nerve
A pitcher is hit in the side of the head with a line drive and is found to have an epidural hematoma. Which of the following may result in this condition?
A. rupture of facial artery
B. rupture of middle meningeal artery
C. rupture of the superficial temporal artery
D. rupture of the deep temporal artery
E. rupture of the posterior auricular artery
rupture of middle meningeal artery
After a car accident your patient is unable to close her lips. Which of the following may result in this condition?
A. lesion of facial nerve
B. rupture of middle meningeal artery
C. lesion of the vagus nerve
D. lesion of the trigeminal nerve
E. lesion of the infraorbital nerve
lesion of facial nerve
A batter is hit in the eye with a fastball resulting in numbness to the skin overlying the zygomatic bone. Which of the following may result in this condition?
A. lesion of facial nerve
B. rupture of middle meningeal artery
C. lesion of the vagus nerve
D. lesion of the trigeminal nerve
E. lesion of the infraorbital nerve
lesion of the trigeminal nerve
Absence of the gag reflex (efferent limb) may result from which of the following?
A. lesion of the glossopharyngeal nerve
B. lesion to the hypoglossal nerve
C. lesion of the vagus nerve
D. lesion of the trigeminal nerve
E. lesion of the nerve to mylohyoid
lesion of the vagus nerve
The ____________ joins together with the contralateral artery of the same name to form the basilar artery.
A. superior cerebellar artery
B. vertebral artery
C. anterior communicating artery
D. internal carotid artery
E. posterior communicating artery
vertebral artery
The ____________ connects the posterior cerebral and the middle cerebral arteries.
A. superior cerebellar artery
B. vertebral artery
C. anterior communicating artery
D. internal carotid artery
E. posterior communicating artery
posterior communicating artery
The ____________ makes a right angle bend as it enters the foramen magnum.
A. superior cerebellar artery
B. vertebral artery
C. anterior communicating artery
D. internal carotid artery
E. posterior communicating artery
vertebral artery
The ____________ gives rise to the anterior and middle cerebral arteries.
A. superior cerebellar artery
B. vertebral artery
C. anterior communicating artery
D. internal carotid artery
E. posterior communicating artery
internal carotid artery
The ________opens the mouth by drawing the condyle and disk forward.
A. Buccinator
B. Lateral pterygoid
C. Levator angularis oris
D. Orbicularis occuli
E. Temporalis
Lateral pterygoid
The ________ raises the angle of the mouth.
A. Buccinator
B. Lateral pterygoid
C. Levator angularis oris
D. Orbicularis occuli
E. Temporalis
Levator angularis oris
The ________compresses the cheeks during chewing.
A. Buccinator
B. Lateral pterygoid
C. Levator angularis oris
D. Orbicularis occuli
E. Temporalis
Buccinator
The ____________produces forceful contraction of the eyelids such as squinting while in the bright sun.
A. Buccinator
B. Lateral pterygoid
C. Levator angularis oris
D. Orbicularis occuli
E. Temporalis
Orbicularis occuli
According to the Blue Boxes in your textbook, anterior tilting of the pelvis and increased extension of the lumbar vertebrae are characteristics of which spinal deformity?
A. Dowager’s hump
B. Excessive lumbar kyphosis
C. Excessive lumbar lordosis
D. Scoliosis
Excessive lumbar lordosis
A patient has a posterolateral intervertebral disc protrusion between L4 and L5 vertebra (i.e., L4- L5 disc protrusion). Which of the following nerve roots would most likely be affected?
A. L2
B. L3
C. L4
D. L5
L5
According to the Blue Boxes in your textbook, an infant has been
diagnosed with congenital torticollis affecting the right sternocleidomastoid. How will this child’s cervical spine present clinically?
A. Left lateral flexion, left rotation
B. Left lateral flexion, right rotation
C. Right lateral flexion, left rotation
D. Right lateral flexion, right rotation
Right lateral flexion, left rotation
According to the Blue Boxes in your textbook, of the calvarial fractures listed which of the following presents with intact bone at the point of impact coupled with a fracture on the opposite side of the cranium?
A. Comminuted
B. Contrecoup
C. Depressed
D. Linear
Contrecoup
A first year SHP student (i.e., PA, OT, AT, PT, PhD) is studying late and trying to keep their eyes open. Which of the following muscles are they trying to use?
A. Levator palpebrae
B. Tarsal plate
C. Superior oblique
D. Superior rectus
Levator palpebrae
A patient bent over to pick up a jug of water off the ground and felt pain. Later they felt a tight muscle from the lowest part of the back to the level of T6 closest to the spinous processes. The clinician establishes that it is one of the erector spinae muscles. Which of the following muscles is most likely involved?
A. Iliocostalis lumborum muscle
B. Longisiumus thoracis muscle
C. Multifidus
D. Spinalis thoracis muscle
Spinalis thoracis muscle
A person looks to the Left, then to the Right and then Up. Which of the following muscles of the right eye was NOT used to produce this movement sequence?
A. Inferior rectus
B. Lateral rectus
C. Inferior oblique
D. Medial rectus
Inferior rectus
Which of the following is innervated by a cranial nerve?
A. Diaphragm
B. Skin over the angle of the mandible
C. Skin over the external occipital protuberance
D. Thyrohyoid muscle
Skin over the angle of the mandible
A patient experienced a cerebral vascular accidant, also known as a “stroke.” It was determined that the hemorrhage was located between the right and left frontal lobes, along the longitudinal cerebral fissure. Which of the following arteries is most likely involved?
A. Anterior cerebral
B. Middle cerebral
C. Posterior cerebral
D. Basilar
Anterior cerebral
