Block 3

Question 1

Chiari I vs II malform vs Dandy Walker

Answer 1

ectopic cerebell tonsils inf to foramen magnum vs hern cerebell tonsils & medulla -> noncom hydroceph vs agen vermis -> lg 4th v, noncom hydroceph, truncal atax

Question 2

how does myelin change the constants?

Answer 2

it insulates -> inc resistance & space/length, dec capacitance & time

Question 3

limbic system

Answer 3

hippo, amyg, mammillary bodies, ant thal nuclei, cing gyrus. does olf, long term mem, emotion, autonomics; 5 F’s: flee, feed, fl/ight, forn

Question 4

basal ganglia. striatum vs lenticulate. direct excitatory vs indirect inhibitory pathway

Answer 4

voluntary movement & posture. putamen/motor + caudate/cog vs putamen + GP. D1; SNc to striatum to GABA inhib GPi vs D2; SNc to striatum to GABA inhib GPe to activate GPi to release its own GABA

Question 5

venous sinus thrombosis sxs

Answer 5

inc ICP, papilledema, hypercoag from preg or ocp; can lead to venous hem

Question 6

vagal nuclei: NTS vs ambiguus vs dorsal motor nucleus

Answer 6

CN7(8)910, sensory, taste, maybe vomit vs CN9/10/11, motor ph/larynx, eso vs CN10, parasymp heart, lungs, upper GI

Question 7

CN reflexes: corneal vs jaw jerk vs gag vs cough vs lacrimation

Answer 7

V1 to bil CN7 vs V3 vs C9 to C10 vs C10 vs V1 to CN7

Question 8

describe mastication mm

Answer 8

mass, temporalis, med pterygoid elev & retract mandible. pterygoids side to side. lat pterygoid protrude & dep jaw

Question 9

moro, rooting, palmar, & Babinski reflexes end @ what age? underlying cause of neonatal intravent hem?

Answer 9

3/4/6/12mo. premature, low birth wt; dec glial support in germ matrix, no autoreg bp

Question 10

acalculia, agraphia, no L/R, finger agnosia; dom parietal cortex/angular gyrus vs nondom parietal cortex

Answer 10

Gerstmann syndrome sv hemineglect

Question 11

red nucleus (midbrain): decorticate vs decerebrate posture

Answer 11

above red nucleus lesion -> flex UE, ex LE vs @ or below red nucleus lesion -> ex U&LE

Question 12

how to tx Guillain Barre syndrome? TIA can present w/ what eye condition?

Answer 12

plasmapheresis, IVIG. amaurosis fugax (retinal a emboli)

Question 13

cauda equina

Answer 13

compressed L2 & below -> saddle anesth, incont, no ankle/knee reflex, radic pain

Question 14

dz in substantia nigra vs basal ganglia results in? restless leg syndrome assoc w/ (2)?

Answer 14

Parkinsons vs HTT. iron defic, CKD

Question 15

herniation syndromes: cing/subfalcine vs central/transtent vs uncal vs cerebell tonsillar

Answer 15

1o reflexes, compress ACA vs rupture basilar a branches -> Duret hem vs ipsi blown pupil, contralat hemiparesis -> Kernohan phenomenon vs coma, death

Question 16

Marcus Gunn vs Argylle pupil

Answer 16

light towards affected eye -> pupils dil instead constrict vs accomodation nml, no rxn to light