Block 1 Flashcards
defeat intracellular pathogens w/ what type of immunity? how does epi play role in conjunct w/ lidocaine?
CMI. prolongs duration of anesthetic agent; also dec mediator release from mast cells
what does it mean when you dec your alpha from 0.05 to 0.01? CD marker for macs?
greater confidence. CD14
in absence of living will or designated surrogate, how to get consent?
next of kin: spouse > adult child > parent > adult sibling
variable expressivity vs pleiotropy vs locus/allele heterogeneity vs loss heterozygosity
same genotypes w/ varying phenotypes vs 1 gene causes mult phenotypes vs mult genotypes cause same phenotype; diff loci/within same locus vs if tumor suppressor mutation, must be deleted before ca develops
protein A vs M protein. examples of spirochetes vs comma bacteria
binds Fc of igG -> prevent opson & phag vs prevents phag, homolog to tropo/myosin. lepto, syphilis, borrelia vs vibrio, campy, H pylori (“curved rod”)
transformation vs conjugation vs transduction vs transposition
environ naked bact DNA vs sex pilus, plasmid DNA vs general: lytic phage plasmid, specialized: lysogenic phage viral DNA vs transposon copy & excise itself
intrinsic/mito vs extrinsic/receptor apop
BAX/K = proapop, BCL2/XL = antiapop, make mito mem impermeable; BAX/K break mito mem -> cyto c released -> caspases vs FasL to CD95, TNFa, or perforin/granzyme B make mito mem pore -> release cyto c -> caspases
reversible vs irrev cell injury
plasma mem swell, chromatin clump, no protein synthesis, no glycogen, accum peroxidized lipids vs plasma mem break -> troponin/enzyme leak, nuclear pyknosis/rhexxis, mito vacuol, autolysis
bladder: M3 vs B3 vs alpha 1. live/mRNA vs killed vax cause what immunity?
ctx bladder vs relax bladder vs ag -> rtn, antag -> pee. CMI vs humoral
IL1 vs 2 vs 3 vs 4 vs 5 vs 6 vs 8
fever vs T cell vs bone marrow vs igE vs igA, eos differentiation vs acute phase reactant vs chemotaxis
acute hemolytic vs delayed hemolytic transfusion vs febrile nonhemolytic vs TRALI
no ABO compatible, preformed ab, intravasc hemolysis vs foreign ag on donor RBC, extravasc hemolysis vs preformed cytok vs neu -> pulm edema
McCune Albright
Gs -> mosaic, endocrinopathy, fibrous dysplasia, unilat cafe au lait
ketogenic vs glucogenic aa vs branched aa + dz
leu, lys vs his, met, val vs isoleu, leu, val + maple syrup urine dz -> inc leu/branched aa, AR, poor intake, low intellect
details Bruton vs igA defic vs CVID vs diGeorge vs IL12R defic vs hyperigM
defect BTK, tx IVIG vs inc risk giardia vs dec ig & plasma cells vs no 3/4th pharyngeal pouch vs myco & fungal infxn vs XR, no CD40L -> no class switch -> pyogenic, opportunistic
which dz has nonhomolog end join vs homolog recombo?
ataxi/telangectasia vs BRCA1 & Fanconi anemia
