Block 2 Lecture 2 -- Viruses Flashcards
What is the disease caused by polio?
What is the pathophys?
poliomyelitis
– inhibit motor protein synthesis
What is the disease caused by influenza?
What is the pathophys?
influenza pneumonia
– inhibit ciliary protein synthesis
What is the disease caused by rabies?
What is the pathophys?
rabies encephalitis
– inhibit neural protein synthesis
What is the disease caused by herpes simplex virus?
What is the pathophys?
herpes infections
– inhibit immune protein synthesis
What is the disease caused by Hepatitis B?
What is the pathophys?
viral hepatitis
– host CTL response to hepatocytes
What is the disease caused by EBV?
What is the pathophys?
mono; lymphomas
– acute B cell lysis; latent B proliferation
What is the disease caused by ebola?
What is the pathophys?
hemorrhagic fever
– over-activation of the immune system
What is the diseased caused by Marburg virus?
What is the pathophys?
hemorrhagic fever
– over-activation of immune system
Describe the morphology of TMV.
helical protein
Describe the morphology of adenovirus.
icosahedral
Describe the morphology of bacteriophage viruses
prolate
Describe the morphology of HIV
lipid envelope w/ membrane proteins
Describe the morphology of ebola
filamentous
What are RNA viruses examples?
DNA?
RNA: TMV, HIV
DNA: herpes
What are the various structures of viruses?
protein or lipid
What are mechanisms by which viruses evade immune system?
1) Ag variation
2) blockage of Ag processing
3) block cytokines
4) immunosuppressive (IL-10)
5) kill immune cells
What are the classes of antiretrovirals?
1) non-nucleoside RTase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
2) nucleoside RTase inhibitors (NRTIs)
3) protease inhibitors
4) fusion inhibitors
5) integrase inhibitors
What are examples of NNRTIs?
efavirenz, etravirine
What are examples of NRTIs?
tenofovir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, zidovudine, abacavir
What are examples of protease inhibitors?
atazanavir, cobicistat
What are examples of fusion inhibitors?
maraviroc
What are examples of integrase inhibitors?
raltegravir, dolutegravir
What is defined as “controlled HIV?”
CD4 greater than 350
What is an elite controller?
VL less than 50
What is a viremic controller?
VL 50-200
What is a long-term non-progressor?
VL greater than 2000 and 7 years infection
How are HIV-controllers classified?
1) elite
2) viremic
3) LTNP
What are HIV’s membrane proteins?
gp41
gp120
MHC
What is the role of gp41?
is the membrane-proximal external region of the HIV Env
– transmembrane glycoprotein
What is the role of gp120?
interacts with CD4 and CXCR4/CCR5
– the “docking” protein
What are HIV’s matrix proteins?
p17 matrix protein + proteases, peptidases, and host proteins
What is contained in the nucleocapsid?
RTase, integrase, RNA, nucleocapsid
What are the components of HIV?
1) lipid envelope with membrane proteins
2) matrix proteins
3) capsid
4) nucleocapsid
How does HIV evade immune system?
1) Ag variation
2) kill T cells
What mutation avoids HIV?
CCR5 (from bubonic plague survivors)
With what proteins does gp120 interact?
1) CD4
2) CCR5 or CXCR4
- - then fusion peptide exposed
What is the best HIV infective interaction to block and why?
interaction / docking
– stop complement, inflammation, etc.
What are the targetable stages of HIV infection?
1) interaction
2) fusion
3) RTase
4) Integrase
5) viral assembly
What is the interaction stage?
gp120 + CD4
gp120 + CCR5/CXCR4
What is the fusion stage?
docking exposes the fusion peptide
What is HIV’s mechanism of antigenic variation?
peptide sequences vary
glycosylation varies
not all viral particles are viable (some form decoys)
