Block 1 Lecture 4 -- Innate Immunity Flashcards
What are types of PAMPs?
1) nucleic acids
- - ssRNA, dsRNA, CpG
2) proteins
- - pilin, flagellin
3) cell wall lipids
- - LPS, lipoteichoic acid
4) CHO
- - mannan, glucans
What are types of DAMPs?
1) stress-induced proteins
- - HSPs
2) crystals
- - monosodium urate
3) nuclear proteins
What cells can phagocytose?
1) macrophages/DCs
2) neutrophils
What are the complement pathways?
1) alternative pathway
2) classical pathway
3) lectin pathway
Where are TLRs located?
PM and endosomal membranes of…
1) phagocytes
2) B cells
3) endothelium
2x TLR4 recognizes…
LPS
List the PRRs:
1) TLRs
2) formyl peptide receptor
3) mannose receptor
4) scavenger receptor
5) NOD-like receptors
6) RIG-like receptors
7) Cytosolic DNA receptors
What does the formyl peptide receptor recognize?
N-formylmethionine
What does the mannose receptor recognize?
microbe sugars
What do scavenger receptors recognize
variety of PAMPs
What do NLRs recognize?
cytosolic PAMPs/DAMPs
What do RIG-like receptors recognize?
viral nucleic acids
What do cytosolic DNA receptors recognize?
bacterial/viral DNA
Where are RIG-like, NOD-like, and cytosolic DNA receptors found?
cytosol of phagocytes, epithelial, and other cells
fx of complement
inflammation, clearance, microbe lysis
Fx of NK cells
kill injured cells, infected cells, and phagocytosed microbes
Fx of acute phase proteins
microbe clearance
Fx of collectins/ficolins
microbe clearance
Fx of proinflammatory cytokines
inflammation, clearance
What are some acute phase proteins?
MBL (mannose binding lectin), SP, CRP, serum amyloid
How are acute phase proteins stimulated and released?
- -TLR binding on macrophage, etc.
- IL-6 produced, to liver
- liver produces proteins
What are examples of, and what is the result of innate immune deficiencies?
1) TLR deficiency, signaling mutations
2) NK cell deficiencies
3) IL-12/IL-12r deficiency
result: death
How are innate immune deficiencies treated?
antibacterials
antivirals
IFN to activate NK
How is innate immunity overexpression (cytokine storm) treated?
1) Ox40 Ig
- - binds T cells to prevent apoptosis
2) ACE-I
- - inflammatory benefits, thrombotic prophylaxis
3) cytokine inhibitors
- - gemfibrozil to prevent cytokine production
- - TNF inhibitors
Fx of ficolins:
recognize and clear NAG and lipoteichoic acid
What are collectins?
mannose-binding lectin and surfactant proteins
How are infections prevented?
1) mechanical barriers
2) chemical barriers
3) microbiological barriers
