Block 1 Lecture 4 -- Innate Immunity

Question 1

What are types of PAMPs?

Answer 1

1) nucleic acids
- - ssRNA, dsRNA, CpG
2) proteins
- - pilin, flagellin
3) cell wall lipids
- - LPS, lipoteichoic acid
4) CHO
- - mannan, glucans

Question 2

What are types of DAMPs?

Answer 2

1) stress-induced proteins
- - HSPs
2) crystals
- - monosodium urate
3) nuclear proteins

Question 3

What cells can phagocytose?

Answer 3

1) macrophages/DCs

2) neutrophils

Question 4

What are the complement pathways?

Answer 4

1) alternative pathway
2) classical pathway
3) lectin pathway

Question 5

Where are TLRs located?

Answer 5

PM and endosomal membranes of…

1) phagocytes
2) B cells
3) endothelium

Question 6

2x TLR4 recognizes…

Answer 6

LPS

Question 7

List the PRRs:

Answer 7

1) TLRs
2) formyl peptide receptor
3) mannose receptor
4) scavenger receptor
5) NOD-like receptors
6) RIG-like receptors
7) Cytosolic DNA receptors

Question 8

What does the formyl peptide receptor recognize?

Answer 8

N-formylmethionine

Question 9

What does the mannose receptor recognize?

Answer 9

microbe sugars

Question 10

What do scavenger receptors recognize

Answer 10

variety of PAMPs

Question 11

What do NLRs recognize?

Answer 11

cytosolic PAMPs/DAMPs

Question 12

What do RIG-like receptors recognize?

Answer 12

viral nucleic acids

Question 13

What do cytosolic DNA receptors recognize?

Answer 13

bacterial/viral DNA

Question 14

Where are RIG-like, NOD-like, and cytosolic DNA receptors found?

Answer 14

cytosol of phagocytes, epithelial, and other cells

Question 15

fx of complement

Answer 15

inflammation, clearance, microbe lysis

Question 16

Fx of NK cells

Answer 16

kill injured cells, infected cells, and phagocytosed microbes

Question 17

Fx of acute phase proteins

Answer 17

microbe clearance

Question 18

Fx of collectins/ficolins

Answer 18

microbe clearance

Question 19

Fx of proinflammatory cytokines

Answer 19

inflammation, clearance

Question 20

What are some acute phase proteins?

Answer 20

MBL (mannose binding lectin), SP, CRP, serum amyloid

Question 21

How are acute phase proteins stimulated and released?

Answer 21

• -TLR binding on macrophage, etc.
• • IL-6 produced, to liver
• • liver produces proteins

Question 22

What are examples of, and what is the result of innate immune deficiencies?

Answer 22

1) TLR deficiency, signaling mutations
2) NK cell deficiencies
3) IL-12/IL-12r deficiency
result: death

Question 23

How are innate immune deficiencies treated?

Answer 23

antibacterials
antivirals
IFN to activate NK

Question 24

How is innate immunity overexpression (cytokine storm) treated?

Answer 24

1) Ox40 Ig
- - binds T cells to prevent apoptosis
2) ACE-I
- - inflammatory benefits, thrombotic prophylaxis
3) cytokine inhibitors
- - gemfibrozil to prevent cytokine production
- - TNF inhibitors

Question 25

Fx of ficolins:

Answer 25

recognize and clear NAG and lipoteichoic acid

Question 26

What are collectins?

Answer 26

mannose-binding lectin and surfactant proteins

Question 27

How are infections prevented?

Answer 27

1) mechanical barriers
2) chemical barriers
3) microbiological barriers