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Pharmacology > BLOCK 2 ALL DRUGS > Flashcards

BLOCK 2 ALL DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Metyrosine

A

Competitive inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase; Indication: Hypertension; Results in less dopamine production; and therefore less NE/Epi

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2
Q

Reserpine

A

Inhibits VMAT uptake of monoamines; Indication: Hypertension; Less synaptic NE because vesicles cannot be adquately concentrated

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3
Q

Bretylium

A

Inhibits AP generation and Ca dependent vesicle fusion; Indication: Ventricular arrhythmia;

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4
Q

Cocaine

A

Blocks monamne reuptake transporters; Indication: Analgesia during surgery;

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5
Q

Amphetamine or Ephedrine

A

Reverse monoamine reuptake transporters; Indication: Narcolepsy; ADHD;

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6
Q

Naloxone; Naltrexone

A

Non-peptide blockers of opioid receptors; Indication: Opiod overdose or Dependence;

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7
Q

SSRIs

A

Selevtive inhibition of serotonin reuptake transporter; Indication: Depression and anxiety;

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8
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Inhibit cleavage of Ang I to Ang II; Indication: Hypertension;

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9
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Direct adrenergic agonist; Indication: Hypotension during surgery;

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10
Q

MAO inhibitors

A

Block cytoplasmic monoamine metabolism; Indication: Depression;

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11
Q

L-DOPA

A

Precursor of dopamine; stimulates production of dopamine; Indication: Parkinson’s disease;

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12
Q

Carbidopa

A

Blocks L-DOPA conversion to dopamine; aromatic acid decarboxylase inhibitor; Indication: Parkinson’s disease; Prevents excessive conversion of dopamine to NE to protect peripheral adrenergic neurons

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13
Q

Tyramine

A

Competes with NE for transport into synaptic vesicle; Indication: Not therapeutic;

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14
Q

Epinephrine

A

α and β agonist; Indication: Anaphylaxis; shock; cardiac arrest; heart block; Toxicity: arrhythmias

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15
Q

Norepinephrine

A

α and β1 agonist; Indication: Acute hypotension due to shock; Toxicity: ischemia due to vasoconstriction

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16
Q

Dopamine

A

β agonist; some α activity at high concentrations; Indication: Cardiogenic shock; Toxicity: low BP; iscemia at high levels

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17
Q

Isoproterenol

A

β agonist; Indication: Transient heart block; Toxicity: tachyarrhythmias; Contraindicated for pts with angina

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18
Q

Dobutamine

A

β1 agonist; Indication: Short term Rx for low cardiac contractility; Increases CO without reflex tachycardia

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19
Q

Terbutaline

A

β2 agonist; Indication: Prevent and reverse bronchospasm in asthma; emphysema and bronchitis; Toxicity: tachycardia; tremor; develop tolerance

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20
Q

Albuterol

A

β2 agonist; Indication: Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation; Toxicity: tachycardia; tremor; develop tolerance

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21
Q

Phenylephrine

A

α1 agonist; Indication: Pressor agent for anesthesia; nasal congestion; dilate pupils; supraventricular tachycardia; Toxicity: hypertension

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22
Q

Clonidine

A

α2 agonist; Indication: Hypertension; Toxicity: dry mouth; hypertensive crisis after acute withdrawal

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23
Q

Propranolol

A

β blocker; Indication: Hypertension; angina due to atherosclerosis; MI; Toxicity: Bronchospasm; DO NOT PRESCRIBE to asthmatic

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24
Q

Timolol

A

β blocker; Indication: Glaucoma; Topical eye drop; Toxicity: Bronchospasm; DO NOT PRESCRIBE to asthmatic

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25
Q

Nadolol

A

β blocker; Indication: Long-term angina; hypertension; Longer half life; Toxicity: Bronchospasm; DO NOT PRESCRIBE to asthmatic

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26
Q

Atenolol

A

β1 blocker; Indication: Hypertension; Angina; MI; doesn’t cross BBB

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27
Q

Metoprolol

A

β1 blocker; Indication: Hypertension; long term angina rx; crosses BBB

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28
Q

Pindolol

A

Partial β agonist; Indication: Hypertension; When sympathetic activity is too high

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29
Q

Esmolol

A

β1 blocker; Indication: Supraventricular tachycardia; Emergent

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30
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

α blocker; Indication: Pheochromocytoma; Irreversible; Toxicity: prolonged hypotension; reflex tachycardia

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31
Q

Phentolamine

A

α blocker; Indication: Test for pheochromocytoma; Rx before surgery; Reversible; Toxicity: prolonged hypotension; reflex tachycardia

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32
Q

Prazosin

A

α blocker; Indication: Hypertension;

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33
Q

Doxazosin

A

α1 blocker; Indication: Prostatic hyperplasia; hypertension; Toxicity: orthostatic hypotension

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34
Q

Terazosin

A

α1 blocker; Indication: Prostatic hyperplasia; hypertension; Toxicity: orthostatic hypotension

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35
Q

Amphetamine

A

Indirect sympathomimetic; Indication: ADHD; reverse presynaptic transport protein so more NE can be release; DO NOT PRESCRIBE if MAOI’s w/in 2wks

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36
Q

Methylphenidate

A

Indirect sympathomimetic; Indication: ADHD; DA reuptake inhibitor; DO NOT PRESCRIBE if MAOI’s w/in 2wks

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37
Q

Ephedrine

A

Indirect sympathomimetic; Indication: Pressor agent for anesthesia; DO NOT PRESCRIBE if MAOI’s w/in 2wks

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38
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

Indirect sympathomimetic; Indication: Nasal decongestion;

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39
Q

Nicotene

A

N & M agonist; Indication: Smoking cessation;

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40
Q

Succinycholine

A

Depolarizing block of N receptors; Indication: Neuromuscular block for ECST; emergency intubation;

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41
Q

Acetylcholine

A

N & M agonist; Indication: None; RAPIDLY degraded

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42
Q

Methacholine

A

M agonist; Indication: Dx asthma; test of asthma severity; Contraindication: β blockers

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43
Q

Carbachol

A

M & N agonist; Indication: Miotic agent in ocular surgery and glaucoma; reduces ocular P;

44
Q

Bethanechol

A

M agonist; Indication: Urinary retention; bladder atony;

45
Q

Pilocarpene

A

M agonist; Indication: Dry mouth from head and neck radiation; narrow angle glaucoma;

46
Q

Neostigmine

A

AchE inhibitor; Indication: Myasthenia gravis; reverse neuromuscular block; Toxicity: muscarinic and nicotinic excess; contraindication: intestinal obstruction

47
Q

Edrophonium

A

AchE inhibitor; Indication: Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis; reversal of neuromuscular block; Toxicity: bradycardia; cardiac standstill; contraindication: intestinal blockade or urinary obstruction

48
Q

Physostigmine

A

Reversible AchE inhibiotr; Indication: Delirium from anticholinergic drugs (poisoning antidote); glaucoma;

49
Q

Donepezil

A

Reversible AchE inhibitor; Indication: Rx for Alzheimer’s disease;

50
Q

Pralidoxime

A

Peripheral AchE reactivator; Indication: Respiratory muscle weakness in organophosphate poisoning; “2PAM”

51
Q

Echothiophate

A

Irreversible AchE Inhibitor; Indication: Open angle glaucoma; Long half life

52
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist; Indication: Excess secretions during surgery; increased freq and urg associated with cystitis; hypertonic gut; organophosphate poisioning; bradycardia; Treats conditions with excessive parasympathetic action

53
Q

Scopalamine

A

Muscarinic antagonist; Indication: Motion sickness; anti-saliogogue in surgery;

54
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Muscarinic antagonist; Indication: Protects against excessive muscarinic activation duriing reversal of blockade; antisaliagogue; Use w/ neostigmine to reverse blockade

55
Q

Succinycholine

A

Depolarization blockade of muscle nicotinic receptors; Indication: Tracheal intubation; ECST;

56
Q

Pancuronium

A

Non-depolarizng blockade of muscle nicotinic receptors; Indication: Adjuvant in surgical anesthesia; abdominal wall relaxation & orthopedic procedures; Primarily renal excretion

57
Q

D-tubocurarine

A

Non-depolarizng blockade of muscle nicotinic receptors; Indication: Prototype; used only for lethal injections; Liver and kidney elimination

58
Q

Rocuronium

A

Non-depolarizng blockade of muscle nicotinic receptors; Indication: intubation; muscle relaxation during surgery or ventilation; Liver elimination

59
Q

Mivacurium

A

Non-depolarizng blockade of muscle nicotinic receptors; Indication: intubation; muscle relaxation during surgery or ventilation; Eliminated by plasma cholinesterases; used in renal failure patients

60
Q

Vecuronium

A

Non-depolarizng blockade of muscle nicotinic receptors; Indication: Adjuvant in surgical anesthesia; abdominal wall relaxation & orthopedic procedures;

61
Q

Baclofen

A

GABA-B agonist; inhbits NT release from skeletal muscle sensory afferent; Indication: Muscle spasticity in MS or SCI; Given intrathecally to reduce side effects

62
Q

Diazepam

A

Benzodiazepine receptor agonist; Indication: Muscle spasm due to local injury; or loss of descending inhibitory input (cerebral palsy); Contraindication: glaucoma due to increased P

63
Q

Tizanidine

A

Centrally acting α2 agonist; Indication: Muscle spasticity in MS or SCI;

64
Q

Dantrolene

A

Uncouples excitation contraction of skeletal muscle by blocking Ryanodine receptors; Indication: Muscle spasm; malignant hyperthermia;

65
Q

5-HTP

A

Serotonin precursor; Indication: Depression;

66
Q

Buspirone

A

5HT1A partial agonist; Indication: Depression and anxiety; Side effects: initial increase in anxiety; drowsiness

67
Q

Sumatriptan

A

5HT1D agonist; Indication: Migraines; Contraindication: patients with coronary artery disease due to vasoconstriction

68
Q

Risperidone

A

5HT2A/2C antagonist; Indication: Depression and psychosis; Causes weight gain; akathisia

69
Q

Odansetron

A

5HT3 antagonist; Indication: Chemotherapy induced emesis;

70
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI; Indication: Depression; OCD; anxiety; panic disorder; PTSD; social phobia; Side effects: sexual dysfunction; insomnia

71
Q

Sertraline

A

SSRI; Indication: Depression; OCD; anxiety; panic disorder; PTSD; social phobia; Side effects: sexual dysfunction; insomnia

72
Q

Bromocriptine

A

D2 agonist; Indication: Parkinson’s disease;

73
Q

Selegiline

A

MAO-B inhibitor; Indication: Parkinson’s disease (low dose); depression (high dose); Side effects: hypotension; hypertensive crisis (high doses)

74
Q

Tolcapone

A

COMT inhbitor; Indication: Parkinson’s disease; Contraindication: liver failure

75
Q

Haloperidol

A

D2 antagonist; Indication: Psychosis;

76
Q

Metaclopramide

A

D2 antagonist; Indication: Nausea; Side effect: akathisia

77
Q

Trazadone

A

5HT2A/2C antagonist + SSRI; Indication: Anxiety/Depression; Side effect: suicidality early after beginning treatment

78
Q

Morphine

A

μ-receptor; Indication: Severe pain; Side effects: constipation; addiction; tolerance

79
Q

Meperidine

A

κ-receptor; Indication: severe pain; Also binds K+ channels; Muscarinic receptors and dopamine transporters

80
Q

Hydrocodone

A

μ-receptor; δ-receptor; Indication: moderate pain (anti-coughing); Also used recreationally

81
Q

Codeine

A

μ-receptor; Indication: Cough; diarrhea; IBS; narcolepsy; Contains morphine as active metabolite

82
Q

Pentazocine

A

δ and κ-receptor agonist; μ antagonist; Indication: Dental extraction;

83
Q

Naloxone

A

μ; δ and κ receptor andtagonists; Indication: antidote;

84
Q

Methadone

A

μ and δ receptor agonist; Indication: dependence on opioid drugs;

85
Q

Cocaine HCl

A

Ester; Topical anesthetic; Indication: medium duration ;

86
Q

Procaine HCl

A

Ester anesthetic; Indication: Infiltration nerve block subarachnoid; short duration

87
Q

Tetracaine HCl

A

Potent ester anesthetic; Indication: Subarachnoid; long duration

88
Q

Benzocaine

A

Topical local anesthetic; Indication: ;

89
Q

Lidocaine HCl

A

Amide local anesthetic; Indication: IV regional epidural nerve block;

90
Q

Mepivacaine HCl

A

Potent Amide local anesthetic; Indication: Infiltration nerve block subarachnoid;

91
Q

Ropivacaine

A

Potent Amide local anesthetic; Indication: Epidural; long duration

92
Q

Propofol

A

Potentiates GABA; Indication: General anesthesia; Short duration

93
Q

Etomidate

A

Potentiates GABA; Indication: General anesthesia; Least CV effects; adrenal suppresion

94
Q

Thiopental

A

Barbituate; Indication: General anesthesia; High lipid solubility; rapid onset

95
Q

Ketamine

A

NMDA receptor antagonist; Indication: General anesthesia; Dissociative (look awake; but arent)

96
Q

Aspirin

A

Non selective COX1 and COX2 inhibitor; Indication: Mild to moderate pain; rheumatoid arthritis; fever reduction; prevent CV events; Irreversibly inhibition by acetylation; Toxicity: Reyes syndrome = fatal liver degeneration; Contraindication: gout

97
Q

Salsalate

A

Competitive inhibition of COX1 and 2; Indication: Mild to moderate pain; fever; inflammation;

98
Q

Diflunisal

A

Competitive inhibition of COX1 and 2; Indication: Stronger antiinflammatory than aspirin; Cannot cross BBB; so no fever effect

99
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Traditional NSAID; reveresible competitive COX inhibitor; Indication: Analgesic (low dose); antiinflammatory (high dose); Less GI bleeding than aspirin

“Rapid onset of action, ideal for fever and acute pain”

100
Q

Naproxen

A

Traditional NSAID; reveresible competitive COX inhibitor; Indication: Analgesic; antiinflammatory; antipyrretic; 20x more potent than aspirin; rapid onset; safest NSAID

“Long half life allows for twice daily dosing”

101
Q

Indomethacin

A

Traditional NSAID; reveresible competitive COX inhibitor; Indication: Analgesic; antiinflammatory; antipyrretic; Most effective fever reducer; drug of choice for closure of patent ductus arteriosus

102
Q

Sulindac

A

Traditional NSAID; reveresible competitive COX inhibitor; Indication: Analgesic; antiinflammatory; antipyrretic;

103
Q

Keterolac

A

Traditional NSAID; reveresible competitive COX inhibitor; Indication: Analgesic; antiinflammatory; antipyrretic; IV analgesic; alternative to morphine

104
Q

Celecoxib

A

Selective COX2 inhibitor; Indication: Analgesic; antiinflammatory; antipyrretic; Used in patients with increased risk of GI complications

105
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Metabolite: AM404 inhibits COX1 and COX2; Indication: Analgesic (No antiinflammatory effect); Hepatotoxicity; Can be used in gout (unlike aspirin)

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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