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BLOCK 2 ALL DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Metyrosine

A

Competitive inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase; Indication: Hypertension; Results in less dopamine production; and therefore less NE/Epi

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2
Q

Reserpine

A

Inhibits VMAT uptake of monoamines; Indication: Hypertension; Less synaptic NE because vesicles cannot be adquately concentrated

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3
Q

Bretylium

A

Inhibits AP generation and Ca dependent vesicle fusion; Indication: Ventricular arrhythmia;

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4
Q

Cocaine

A

Blocks monamne reuptake transporters; Indication: Analgesia during surgery;

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5
Q

Amphetamine or Ephedrine

A

Reverse monoamine reuptake transporters; Indication: Narcolepsy; ADHD;

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6
Q

Naloxone; Naltrexone

A

Non-peptide blockers of opioid receptors; Indication: Opiod overdose or Dependence;

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7
Q

SSRIs

A

Selevtive inhibition of serotonin reuptake transporter; Indication: Depression and anxiety;

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8
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Inhibit cleavage of Ang I to Ang II; Indication: Hypertension;

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9
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Direct adrenergic agonist; Indication: Hypotension during surgery;

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10
Q

MAO inhibitors

A

Block cytoplasmic monoamine metabolism; Indication: Depression;

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11
Q

L-DOPA

A

Precursor of dopamine; stimulates production of dopamine; Indication: Parkinson’s disease;

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12
Q

Carbidopa

A

Blocks L-DOPA conversion to dopamine; aromatic acid decarboxylase inhibitor; Indication: Parkinson’s disease; Prevents excessive conversion of dopamine to NE to protect peripheral adrenergic neurons

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13
Q

Tyramine

A

Competes with NE for transport into synaptic vesicle; Indication: Not therapeutic;

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14
Q

Epinephrine

A

α and β agonist; Indication: Anaphylaxis; shock; cardiac arrest; heart block; Toxicity: arrhythmias

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15
Q

Norepinephrine

A

α and β1 agonist; Indication: Acute hypotension due to shock; Toxicity: ischemia due to vasoconstriction

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16
Q

Dopamine

A

β agonist; some α activity at high concentrations; Indication: Cardiogenic shock; Toxicity: low BP; iscemia at high levels

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17
Q

Isoproterenol

A

β agonist; Indication: Transient heart block; Toxicity: tachyarrhythmias; Contraindicated for pts with angina

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18
Q

Dobutamine

A

β1 agonist; Indication: Short term Rx for low cardiac contractility; Increases CO without reflex tachycardia

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19
Q

Terbutaline

A

β2 agonist; Indication: Prevent and reverse bronchospasm in asthma; emphysema and bronchitis; Toxicity: tachycardia; tremor; develop tolerance

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20
Q

Albuterol

A

β2 agonist; Indication: Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation; Toxicity: tachycardia; tremor; develop tolerance

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21
Q

Phenylephrine

A

α1 agonist; Indication: Pressor agent for anesthesia; nasal congestion; dilate pupils; supraventricular tachycardia; Toxicity: hypertension

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22
Q

Clonidine

A

α2 agonist; Indication: Hypertension; Toxicity: dry mouth; hypertensive crisis after acute withdrawal

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23
Q

Propranolol

A

β blocker; Indication: Hypertension; angina due to atherosclerosis; MI; Toxicity: Bronchospasm; DO NOT PRESCRIBE to asthmatic

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24
Q

Timolol

A

β blocker; Indication: Glaucoma; Topical eye drop; Toxicity: Bronchospasm; DO NOT PRESCRIBE to asthmatic

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25
Nadolol
β blocker; Indication: Long-term angina; hypertension; Longer half life; Toxicity: Bronchospasm; DO NOT PRESCRIBE to asthmatic
26
Atenolol
β1 blocker; Indication: Hypertension; Angina; MI; doesn’t cross BBB
27
Metoprolol
β1 blocker; Indication: Hypertension; long term angina rx; crosses BBB
28
Pindolol
Partial β agonist; Indication: Hypertension; When sympathetic activity is too high
29
Esmolol
β1 blocker; Indication: Supraventricular tachycardia; Emergent
30
Phenoxybenzamine
α blocker; Indication: Pheochromocytoma; Irreversible; Toxicity: prolonged hypotension; reflex tachycardia
31
Phentolamine
α blocker; Indication: Test for pheochromocytoma; Rx before surgery; Reversible; Toxicity: prolonged hypotension; reflex tachycardia
32
Prazosin
α blocker; Indication: Hypertension;
33
Doxazosin
α1 blocker; Indication: Prostatic hyperplasia; hypertension; Toxicity: orthostatic hypotension
34
Terazosin
α1 blocker; Indication: Prostatic hyperplasia; hypertension; Toxicity: orthostatic hypotension
35
Amphetamine
Indirect sympathomimetic; Indication: ADHD; reverse presynaptic transport protein so more NE can be release; DO NOT PRESCRIBE if MAOI's w/in 2wks
36
Methylphenidate
Indirect sympathomimetic; Indication: ADHD; DA reuptake inhibitor; DO NOT PRESCRIBE if MAOI's w/in 2wks
37
Ephedrine
Indirect sympathomimetic; Indication: Pressor agent for anesthesia; DO NOT PRESCRIBE if MAOI's w/in 2wks
38
Pseudoephedrine
Indirect sympathomimetic; Indication: Nasal decongestion;
39
Nicotene
N & M agonist; Indication: Smoking cessation;
40
Succinycholine
Depolarizing block of N receptors; Indication: Neuromuscular block for ECST; emergency intubation;
41
Acetylcholine
N & M agonist; Indication: None; RAPIDLY degraded
42
Methacholine
M agonist; Indication: Dx asthma; test of asthma severity; Contraindication: β blockers
43
Carbachol
M & N agonist; Indication: Miotic agent in ocular surgery and glaucoma; reduces ocular P;
44
Bethanechol
M agonist; Indication: Urinary retention; bladder atony;
45
Pilocarpene
M agonist; Indication: Dry mouth from head and neck radiation; narrow angle glaucoma;
46
Neostigmine
AchE inhibitor; Indication: Myasthenia gravis; reverse neuromuscular block; Toxicity: muscarinic and nicotinic excess; contraindication: intestinal obstruction
47
Edrophonium
AchE inhibitor; Indication: Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis; reversal of neuromuscular block; Toxicity: bradycardia; cardiac standstill; contraindication: intestinal blockade or urinary obstruction
48
Physostigmine
Reversible AchE inhibiotr; Indication: Delirium from anticholinergic drugs (poisoning antidote); glaucoma;
49
Donepezil
Reversible AchE inhibitor; Indication: Rx for Alzheimer's disease;
50
Pralidoxime
Peripheral AchE reactivator; Indication: Respiratory muscle weakness in organophosphate poisoning; "2PAM"
51
Echothiophate
Irreversible AchE Inhibitor; Indication: Open angle glaucoma; Long half life
52
Atropine
Muscarinic antagonist; Indication: Excess secretions during surgery; increased freq and urg associated with cystitis; hypertonic gut; organophosphate poisioning; bradycardia; Treats conditions with excessive parasympathetic action
53
Scopalamine
Muscarinic antagonist; Indication: Motion sickness; anti-saliogogue in surgery;
54
Glycopyrrolate
Muscarinic antagonist; Indication: Protects against excessive muscarinic activation duriing reversal of blockade; antisaliagogue; Use w/ neostigmine to reverse blockade
55
Succinycholine
Depolarization blockade of muscle nicotinic receptors; Indication: Tracheal intubation; ECST;
56
Pancuronium
Non-depolarizng blockade of muscle nicotinic receptors; Indication: Adjuvant in surgical anesthesia; abdominal wall relaxation & orthopedic procedures; Primarily renal excretion
57
D-tubocurarine
Non-depolarizng blockade of muscle nicotinic receptors; Indication: Prototype; used only for lethal injections; Liver and kidney elimination
58
Rocuronium
Non-depolarizng blockade of muscle nicotinic receptors; Indication: intubation; muscle relaxation during surgery or ventilation; Liver elimination
59
Mivacurium
Non-depolarizng blockade of muscle nicotinic receptors; Indication: intubation; muscle relaxation during surgery or ventilation; Eliminated by plasma cholinesterases; used in renal failure patients
60
Vecuronium
Non-depolarizng blockade of muscle nicotinic receptors; Indication: Adjuvant in surgical anesthesia; abdominal wall relaxation & orthopedic procedures;
61
Baclofen
GABA-B agonist; inhbits NT release from skeletal muscle sensory afferent; Indication: Muscle spasticity in MS or SCI; Given intrathecally to reduce side effects
62
Diazepam
Benzodiazepine receptor agonist; Indication: Muscle spasm due to local injury; or loss of descending inhibitory input (cerebral palsy); Contraindication: glaucoma due to increased P
63
Tizanidine
Centrally acting α2 agonist; Indication: Muscle spasticity in MS or SCI;
64
Dantrolene
Uncouples excitation contraction of skeletal muscle by blocking Ryanodine receptors; Indication: Muscle spasm; malignant hyperthermia;
65
5-HTP
Serotonin precursor; Indication: Depression;
66
Buspirone
5HT1A partial agonist; Indication: Depression and anxiety; Side effects: initial increase in anxiety; drowsiness
67
Sumatriptan
5HT1D agonist; Indication: Migraines; Contraindication: patients with coronary artery disease due to vasoconstriction
68
Risperidone
5HT2A/2C antagonist; Indication: Depression and psychosis; Causes weight gain; akathisia
69
Odansetron
5HT3 antagonist; Indication: Chemotherapy induced emesis;
70
Fluoxetine
SSRI; Indication: Depression; OCD; anxiety; panic disorder; PTSD; social phobia; Side effects: sexual dysfunction; insomnia
71
Sertraline
SSRI; Indication: Depression; OCD; anxiety; panic disorder; PTSD; social phobia; Side effects: sexual dysfunction; insomnia
72
Bromocriptine
D2 agonist; Indication: Parkinson's disease;
73
Selegiline
MAO-B inhibitor; Indication: Parkinson's disease (low dose); depression (high dose); Side effects: hypotension; hypertensive crisis (high doses)
74
Tolcapone
COMT inhbitor; Indication: Parkinson's disease; Contraindication: liver failure
75
Haloperidol
D2 antagonist; Indication: Psychosis;
76
Metaclopramide
D2 antagonist; Indication: Nausea; Side effect: akathisia
77
Trazadone
5HT2A/2C antagonist + SSRI; Indication: Anxiety/Depression; Side effect: suicidality early after beginning treatment
78
Morphine
μ-receptor; Indication: Severe pain; Side effects: constipation; addiction; tolerance
79
Meperidine
κ-receptor; Indication: severe pain; Also binds K+ channels; Muscarinic receptors and dopamine transporters
80
Hydrocodone
μ-receptor; δ-receptor; Indication: moderate pain (anti-coughing); Also used recreationally
81
Codeine
μ-receptor; Indication: Cough; diarrhea; IBS; narcolepsy; Contains morphine as active metabolite
82
Pentazocine
δ and κ-receptor agonist; μ antagonist; Indication: Dental extraction;
83
Naloxone
μ; δ and κ receptor andtagonists; Indication: antidote;
84
Methadone
μ and δ receptor agonist; Indication: dependence on opioid drugs;
85
Cocaine HCl
Ester; Topical anesthetic; Indication: medium duration ;
86
Procaine HCl
Ester anesthetic; Indication: Infiltration nerve block subarachnoid; short duration
87
Tetracaine HCl
Potent ester anesthetic; Indication: Subarachnoid; long duration
88
Benzocaine
Topical local anesthetic; Indication: ;
89
Lidocaine HCl
Amide local anesthetic; Indication: IV regional epidural nerve block;
90
Mepivacaine HCl
Potent Amide local anesthetic; Indication: Infiltration nerve block subarachnoid;
91
Ropivacaine
Potent Amide local anesthetic; Indication: Epidural; long duration
92
Propofol
Potentiates GABA; Indication: General anesthesia; Short duration
93
Etomidate
Potentiates GABA; Indication: General anesthesia; Least CV effects; adrenal suppresion
94
Thiopental
Barbituate; Indication: General anesthesia; High lipid solubility; rapid onset
95
Ketamine
NMDA receptor antagonist; Indication: General anesthesia; Dissociative (look awake; but arent)
96
Aspirin
Non selective COX1 and COX2 inhibitor; Indication: Mild to moderate pain; rheumatoid arthritis; fever reduction; prevent CV events; Irreversibly inhibition by acetylation; Toxicity: Reyes syndrome = fatal liver degeneration; Contraindication: gout
97
Salsalate
Competitive inhibition of COX1 and 2; Indication: Mild to moderate pain; fever; inflammation;
98
Diflunisal
Competitive inhibition of COX1 and 2; Indication: Stronger antiinflammatory than aspirin; Cannot cross BBB; so no fever effect
99
Ibuprofen
Traditional NSAID; reveresible competitive COX inhibitor; Indication: Analgesic (low dose); antiinflammatory (high dose); Less GI bleeding than aspirin "Rapid onset of action, ideal for fever and acute pain"
100
Naproxen
Traditional NSAID; reveresible competitive COX inhibitor; Indication: Analgesic; antiinflammatory; antipyrretic; 20x more potent than aspirin; rapid onset; safest NSAID "Long half life allows for twice daily dosing"
101
Indomethacin
Traditional NSAID; reveresible competitive COX inhibitor; Indication: Analgesic; antiinflammatory; antipyrretic; Most effective fever reducer; drug of choice for closure of patent ductus arteriosus
102
Sulindac
Traditional NSAID; reveresible competitive COX inhibitor; Indication: Analgesic; antiinflammatory; antipyrretic;
103
Keterolac
Traditional NSAID; reveresible competitive COX inhibitor; Indication: Analgesic; antiinflammatory; antipyrretic; IV analgesic; alternative to morphine
104
Celecoxib
Selective COX2 inhibitor; Indication: Analgesic; antiinflammatory; antipyrretic; Used in patients with increased risk of GI complications
105
Acetaminophen
Metabolite: AM404 inhibits COX1 and COX2; Indication: Analgesic (No antiinflammatory effect); Hepatotoxicity; Can be used in gout (unlike aspirin)

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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