Block 1 Peripherial Nerve Diseases Flashcards
What disease is called:
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Guillain-Barré syndrome
What is Guillain-Barré syndrome?
A PNS disease. Inflammatory neuropathy Flu like symptoms Ascending paralysis Immune mediated demyelination Usually resolves with time Better treatment now
What is the usually trigger of Guillain-Barré syndrome?
A flu like illness
Viral
CMV, EBV, Mycoplasma,
What causes demyelination in Guillain-Barré syndrome?
T cells and macrophages cause segmental demyelination
The are antibodies present sensitizing the immune cells
Remyelination follows
Where does Guillain-Barré syndrome make its effect?
Inflammation around venues and nerves
Uses lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells
Widely distributed through PNS
Most intense in spinal cord and CN motor roots and adjacent nerves
What is the clinical course of Guillain-Barré syndrome?
Symmetrical ascending paralysis Rapid onset, loss of reflexes Some loss of sensation Elevated CSF protein 2-5% mortality respiratory paralysis. cardiac arrest
What is leprosy (Hansen disease) caused by and how is it transmitted?
Mycobacterium laprae
Trasmitted through respiratory droplet
What are some characteristics of mycobacterium laprae?
Acid-fast obligate intracrllular bacterium Grows poorly in culture Cell wall doesn't stain with gram stain Body forms ganulomas to attack Only 5% are susceptible
What are the two forms of leprosy?
Tuberculoid - less severe, dry/scaly skin, nerve defeneration, nice t-cell response with granuloma. Weird tuberculoid rash
Lepromatous - more severe and wide spread, all over the face and other places, patients immune system doesn’t respond. Forms nodules and auto amputation.
What shows Histologically with lepromatous leprosy?
Foamy histiocytes
What cells form Histologically with herpes zoster?
Multinucleated giant cells
What deposition is thought to be related to hereditary neuropathies?
Amyloid deposition
What is hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 1 (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, demyelinating type)? CMT
Repetitive de and re Myelination Muscle loss but pain intact Childhood or early adult High arches, hammer toes, muscle atrophy Normal life span Can have muscle atrophy Get onion bulb formation
In what disease are acquired peripheral neuropathies common?
Diabetes Mostly distal nerves Decreased pain Asymmetrical Glucose sticks to nerves and breaks connections Bp drops because nerves aren't working
What is a paraneoplastic effect?
Tumor compresses nerve
Tumor produces hormone that affects nerve
