Block 1 Cerebrum Flashcards
Where is the “what” area of the brain?
Temporal/occipital lobe
Connects to a whole bunch of places
Hippocampus for memory
Amygdala for emotion
Where is the “where” area?
The parietal/ occipital lobe
Shape, form, texture, moving or not
Connects to prefrontal cortex to tell that events are occurring
Where is the “executive” region of the brain?
Frontal lobe
Responsible for initiating motor and behavioral responses to the information collected
What is the function of the precentral gyrus/anterior paracentral lobe (area 4)?
Primary motor cortex
Cell bodies here are termed upper motor neurons
What is area 4?
Primary motor cortex
Precentral gyrus/anterior paracentral lobule
Where are the frontal eye fields (voluntary eye movements)?
Caudal middle/superior frontal gyri
Where is the premotor area?
Anterior to motor cortex
Medical cortex anterior to primary motor
What is the function of the premotor area?
Motor programming or indirect motor movement control
What is the function of the supplementary motor area of the medial surface of the the motor cotex/precentral gyri and premotor area?
Motor movement, organizing/planning motor movements
Cortical micrurition control center (urination control)
What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?
Attention, motivation, planning, abstraction or problem solving, planned behavior, judgement, social skills, personality.
WORKING memory or short term memory (immediate)
Where is Broca’s area?
Left inferior frontal gyri
Area 44,45
LEFT side only
What is the function of Broca’s area?
Formulation of speech
What is the area of Broca’s area on the right?
Right inferior frontal gyrus
Language expression
Prosody of speech
Some injuries here have resulted in the failure to express discipline
What is the postcentral gyrus (area 3,2,1) do?
The primary somatosensory cortex
Where is the somatosensory association cortex?
Superior parietal lobe
What is the inferior parietal lobe?
Multimodal association cortex (integration)
Where are analytical skills processed?
LEFT posterior parietal lobe
Where is visuospatial orientation?
RIGHT Posterior parietal lobe
What is the general orientation for the hommunculi?
Medial to lateral and around:
Feet, legs, torso, hand, face, tongue
What does the calcarine cortex, area 17, do?
On the back of the occipital lobe
Primary visual cortex
What is the function of the lateral, medial, and inferior occipital gyri?
Visual association cortex
Color, motion, depth
What is the function of the lateral occipital gyri?
Involuntary cortical eye fields
Scanning movements
Where is the primary auditory cortex?
The transverse temporal gyri
Heschl’s convolutions
What area controls the auditory association language and comorehension?
Wernicke’s area
On the superior temporal gyrus
Where is the insula?
Underneath the primary auditory cortex and wernicke’s area
What does the hippocampus do?
Long term memory
What does the temporal lobe do?
Long term memory
What is the limbic lobe composed of?
Hippocampal formation
Septal or subcallosal area
Parahypocampal formation
Isthmus of the cingulate gyrus
What does the anterior love of the limbic lobe do?
Emotional behavior and homeostasis
What does the posterior part of the limbic lobe do?
Learning, memory, and consolidation of memory
Where is the primary olfactory cortex?
Rostal parahipocampal region, uncus, temporal pole, limen insulate
What is the function of the insular cortex?
Visceral functions (smell, taste, pain)
Integrates visceral function
Where are the afferent and efferent fibers?
The internal capsule
What kind of cell is in the cortex?
Pyramidal neurons
What does the pyramidal motor system constitute?
Upper motor neurons
What do the anterior limb and genu of the internal capsule contain?
Thalamiccortical/corticothalamic nerve fibers
What are the three portions of the posterior limb of the internal capsule?
Lenticulothalamic portion
Retrolenticular portion
Sublenticular portion
What arteries penetrate the internal capsule?
Anterolateral arteries from the middle cerebral arteries
What does the middle cerebral artery supply and where does it come from and go?
The internal capsule
It is from the internal carotid artery and branches off into the anterolateral arteries
What is Anosognosia?
A loss of disease awareness
Usually involving the right parietal lobe
What is prosopagnosia?
Face blindness, cannot recognize faces
Usually lesion in the underside of the occipital lobe
What is Apraxia?
The inability to carry out a motor action in response to a verbal request
Usually associated with dominant left hemisphere
What is Aphasia?
A defect in language processing caused by brain lesions
What is expressive aphasia?
Broca’s aphasia
Problem with formation of speech
What is receptive aphasia?
Wernicke’s aphasia or fluent aphasia
Cannot recognize or comprehend the meaning or words “word deafness”
