bleh

Question 1

British North America, 1763

Answer 1

Government: Imitation of Britain, Governor (like King), Council (like Lords), and Assembly (like Commons)
Immigration: Africans 250,000, Scots/Scots-Irish 150,000, Germans 100,000, English 80,000

Question 2

Ideas at stake: Constitution, Republicanism

Answer 2

Constitution: Structure/powers of government, Rights of the people, and “Unwritten”
Republicanism: Ancient Origins, Virtue, Liberty, Independence, Country over Court, and Republic over Monarchy

Question 3

American Revolution: Legacy (US Constitution, Creation of a Republic)

Answer 3

US Constitution: A “conservative” revolution, Fought first for Constitutional rights, and leads to a New Constitution w/many rights from old one
Republic: A “radical” revolution, ends monarchy, creates a republic, elevates Equality, and “Enlightened”

Question 4

Industrial Revolution

Answer 4

New machines, Mass production, new ways of organizing labor

Question 5

Question of production

Answer 5

How does prosperity happen?
Adam Smith answer: Division of Labor, trade, Self-Interest, no to mercantilism, Yes to Capitalism

Question 6

Adam Smith/homo economicus

Answer 6

Rational, Informed, Consistent, Self-interested, Wealth-maximizing, Workers’ world

Question 7

question of distribution: secular answers, Protestant work ethic, Catholic social teaching

Answer 7

How should wealth be distributed?
Secular answers: Laissez-faire capitalism, new liberalism, socialism, and communism
Protestant work ethic: Work is a “calling” from God, Virtue brings Prosperity, Hardship is temporary–if “undeserved”
Catholic social teaching- Inequality (to a degree) natural, right to private property, and worker right to unionize

Question 8

political man

Answer 8

Classical antiquity and Identity in life in the polis

Question 9

religious man

Answer 9

When: Middle Ages, Identity in religious community (the Church)

Question 10

economic man

Answer 10

18th-early 20th centuries, Identity in one’s economic activity, and Homo economicus

Question 11

Freud’s idea of the psyche (id, ego, super-ego)

Answer 11

Id – instincts and impulses
Ego – reasoning faculty
Super-ego – internalized cultural norms

Question 12

Psychological man and society

Answer 12

A state of tension
Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents (1930), Super-ego frustrates self with its demands, Self and society out of harmony

Question 13

Authority before psychological man

Answer 13

Old authority: Parents, Teachers, Ministers, Political figures
Goals: Formation, Social conformity, Harmonization of personal and communal needs, and based on objective norms

Question 14

Psychological man and the therapists

Answer 14

New therapist: Psychologists/psychiatrists, Counselors, Celebrities, Old authorities converted
Goals: Elaboration of unique personal identity (improvement), Self-expression, Removal of objective norms

Question 15

Psychological man and education

Answer 15

-Education not for formation, but for self-expression
-School - a forum for self-expression
-“Safe space” – student beliefs not to be challenged

Question 16

Natural law

Answer 16

the body of unchanging moral principles that constitute the ultimate standard for all human conduct, accessible to reason, Of divine origin, superior to human law

Question 17

Legal positivism

Answer 17

Opposed to natural law view and Law’s authority arises from lawmaking institutions

Question 18

Adolph Eichmann/banality of evil

Answer 18

Carried out the Holocaust (esp transport), Defense: I obeyed the law, Convicted and executed, 1962

Question 19

solidarity (St. John Paul II)

Answer 19

The Catholic idea of solidarity affirms the commitment to the common good.