Bio exam 3

Question 1

What are the three additions to cell theory?

Answer 1

• Energy flow occurs within cells
• Hereditary info is passed from cells to cells
• All cells have the basic chemical composition

Question 2

cell division

Answer 2

makes new daughter cells from a parent cell

Question 3

List and explain the three reasons why cell division occurs

Answer 3

• Reproduction: usually in unicellular organisms to increase the pop
• Growth and development- creates organs and complex systems
• Tissue repair: replacement of damaged cells

Question 4

Interphase (G1, S and G2)

Answer 4

cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division

Question 5

Mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)

Answer 5

separation of copied chromosomes and cell division

Question 6

G1 phase

Answer 6

active cell growth, bioploymers are being made, nutrients
And waste are flowing in and out

Question 7

S phase

Answer 7

DNA replication occurs

Question 8

G2 phase

Answer 8

cell growth and preparation for division

Question 9

Cellular differentiation

Answer 9

is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type

Question 10

Haploid

Answer 10

carry 1 copy of genome

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

Carry 2 copies of genome

Question 11

density- dependent inhibition

Answer 11

At high densities, the amount of growth factors and nutrients is insufficient to allow continued cell growth

Question 12

anchorage dependence

Answer 12

most tissue-producing cells must be anchored to a surface in order to continue dividing. They anchor through the extracellular matrix.

Question 13

tumor

Answer 13

mass of abnormal cells

Question 14

benign tumor

Answer 14

the abnormal cells remain at the originating site. Most do not cause serious problems and can be fully removed by surgery.

Question 15

malignant tumor

Answer 15

the cells become invasive enough to impair the functions of one or more organs

Question 16

Cancer treatments

Answer 16

– Surgery
– Radiation
– Chemotherapy

Question 17

G1 checkpoint

Answer 17

cell size is adequate, nutrients are sufficient, dna is undamaged

Question 18

G2 checkpoint

Answer 18

chromosomes are correctly replicated, dna is undamaged, Mitosis activating proteins are present

Question 19

M checkpoint

Answer 19

all chromosomes are attached to the spindle fiber

Question 20

What are the key characteristics of Cancer?

Answer 20

• Has an abnormal amount of chromosomes
• Has malformed spindles
• Disorginzed arrangement

Question 21

p53 Tumor Suppresor, a checkpoint protein

Answer 21

that stops the cell division to repair the dna or triggers
apoptosis.

Question 22

Active Intravasation

Answer 22

uses proteolytic enzymes to allow cells to actively enter the blood stream

Question 23

Passive Intravasation

Answer 23

cancer cells passively enters the blood stream. No energy is required

Question 24

Stem Cells

Answer 24

cells that can become any type of tissue, used in regeneration

Question 25

Pluripotent stem cells

Answer 25

embryonic , can divide into more stem cells or can become any cell type

Question 26

growth factors

Answer 26

are proteins released by cells that stimulate other cells to divide

Question 27

What is the final product in mitosis?

Answer 27

2 identical daughter cells

Question 28

What is the final product in meiosis?

Answer 28

gametes

Question 29

What is separated in mitosis?

Answer 29

Sister chromatids

Question 30

What is separated in meiosis?

Answer 30

homologous chromosomes