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Anatomy III > Blackcloud Body Wall and Thorax p.40-65 > Flashcards

Blackcloud Body Wall and Thorax p.40-65 Flashcards

1
Q

connects to posterior abdominal wall, fan-shaped, attachment called “root”

A

“the mesentery” of jejunum and ileum

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2
Q

jejunum, ileum, transverse and sigmoid colon, first and fourth part of duodenum, cecum, appendix

A

intraperitoneal segments, covered in visceral peritoneum

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3
Q

middle duodenum, ascending and descending colon

A

secondarily retroperitoneal segments (developed in a reabsorbed mesentery, stuck to posterior abdominal wall)

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4
Q

has a thick wall and mucosa with circular folds, proximal 2/5

A

jejunum

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5
Q

thin walls, few if any circular folds, numerous lymphoid nodules, distal 3/5

A

ileum

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6
Q

1/3 of the way between anterior superior iliac spine and umbilicus

A

Mc Burney’s point, most common location of appendix

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7
Q

Does the cecum have a mesentery? Does the appendix?

A

No, yes.

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8
Q

peritoneal gap at the duodenojejunal junction, potential space for fluid or hernia

A

duodenal recess

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9
Q

Which part of colon has mesentery?

A

tranverse (fusese with greater omentum during development), sigmoid

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10
Q

colic flexure attached to diaphragm by phrenicocolic ligament, usually superior to other

A

left colic flexure

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11
Q

approximate location of rectosigmoid junction

A

S3

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12
Q

large size, omental fat tags, tenaie coli muscles, haustra saccules

A

large intestine, not small!

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13
Q

small outpocketing from colon, develop with age, may become inflamed

A

diverticuli

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14
Q

celiac trunk originates near

A

T12

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15
Q

inferior pancreaticoduodenal, middle colic, intestinal, ileocolic and right colic are branches of

A

superior mesenteric artery

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16
Q

supplies duodenum distal to bile duct, head of pancreas

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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17
Q

supplies proximal 2/3 of transverse colon, runs in transverse mesocolon

A

middle colic artery

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18
Q

supply jejunum, ileum, “the” mesentery, end in straight terminal branches called vasa recta

A

intestinal arteries

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19
Q

supply distal ileum, appendix, cecum and proximal ascending colon

A

ileocolic artery

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20
Q

supplies ascending colon, is entirely retroperitoneal

A

right colic artery

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21
Q

branches include left colic, sigmoidal, superior rectal

A

inferior mesenteric

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22
Q

supplies descending colon, distal transverse colon

A

left colic artery

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23
Q

supplies sigmoid colon

A

sigmoidal branches

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24
Q

supplies superior part of the rectum

A

superior rectal artery

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25
Q

continuous artery running along entire large intestine

A

marginal artery

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26
Q

celiac trunk branches anastomose with branches of

A

superior mesenteric artery

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27
Q

superior mesenteric artery anastomoses with

A

celiac trunk and inferior mesenteric artery

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28
Q

left colic artery (IMA) anastomoses with

A

middle colic branch (SMA)

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29
Q

why is reverse blood flow possible in GI tract?

A

No valves in GI veins

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30
Q

anastomoses between esophageal branch of left gastric (portal) and esophageal tributaries of azygous (caval) result in

A

potentially fatal esophageal varices

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31
Q

anastomoses between superior rectal vein (portal) and mid and inferior rectal veins (caval) can result in

A

hemorrhoids

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32
Q

anastomoses between paraumbilical veins (portal) and superficial epigastric veins of anterior abdominal wall (caval) can result in

A

caput medusa

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33
Q

all of the duodenum, except proximal 2cm, which has mesentery, ligament, portal vein and bile duct

A

retroperitoneal

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34
Q

part of duodenum that is most intraperitoneal

A

superior part (first)

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35
Q

part of duodenum right of midline, anterior to kidney, retroperitoneal, where bile and pancreatic ducts drain

A

descending part (second)

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36
Q

part of duodenum anterior to IVC and aorta, retroperitoneal, crossed anteriorly by superior mesenteric vessels

A

horizontal part (third)

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37
Q

part of duodenum that ascends to join jejunum

A

ascending part (fourth)

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38
Q

supplies majority of superior duodenum

A

superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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39
Q

supplies descending, horizantal and ascending duodenum

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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40
Q

inferior mesenteric vein ____ accompany artery, passes ____ of the duodenojejunal junction

A

does not, to the left of

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41
Q

explains the prevalence of liver metastases in colon cancer

A

colon drains to portal vein, blood goes to liver

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42
Q

where bile duct and main pancreatic duct enter the duodenum

A

major duodenal papilla (internal surface)

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43
Q

accessory pancreatic duct enters duodenum as ____, which is ____ to major papilla

A

minor duodenal papilla, superior to

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44
Q

expanded part of pancreas, embraced by C-curve of duodenum

A

head

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45
Q

short part of pancreas, overlies superior mesenteric vessels

A

neck

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46
Q

continuation from the neck of the pancreas

A

body

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47
Q

part of pancreas closely related to the hilum pf spleen and left colic flexure

A

tail

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48
Q

tributaries of splenic and superior mesenteric parts of hepatic portal vein, empty into splenic vein

A

pancreatic veins

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49
Q

which kidney is higher?

A

left

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50
Q

Kidneys ____ one vertebral level during inspiration

A

descend

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51
Q

atrophy of fascial sheath results in pathological increase of mobility, which may cause pain or restrict blood flow

A

floating kidney

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52
Q

fusion of inferior poles of kidneys is called ____, full ascent is hindered by ____.

A

horseshoe kidney, inferior mesenteric artery

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53
Q

pain originating in mid-back and moving to inguinal region

A

kidney stones

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54
Q

minor calyxes at tips of renal pelvis, passed to major then pelvis to reach ureter

A

passage of filtrate in kidney

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55
Q

renal pelvis is ____ to renal artery and vein

A

posterior to (bridge over water)

56
Q

adrenal glands are ___ to the diaphragm

A

anterior

57
Q

derived from mesoderm, produces mineralocortocoids, glucocorticoids and sex hormones

A

adrenal cortex

58
Q

deficiency of mineralocortocoids causes

A

Addison’s disease

59
Q

excess of glucocortocoids causes

A

Cushing’s disease

60
Q

derived from neural crest and secretes epinephrine

A

adrenal medulla

61
Q

tumor resulting in excess levels of epinephrine

A

pheochromocytoma

62
Q

supplies adrenal glands

A

inferior phrenic arteries, aorta and renal arteries

63
Q

drains adrenal glands

A

left into renal vein, right into IVC

64
Q

supplies kidneys

A

renal arteries, anterior to ureter, posterior to renal veins

65
Q

which renal artery is longer, passes posterior to superior mesenteric artery

A

right

66
Q

supplies gonads, branches from aorta between SMA and IMA

A

gonadal arteries

67
Q

drains right gonad

A

IVC

68
Q

drains left gonad

A

left renal vein

69
Q

are ureters intraperitoneal?

A

No. Primarily retroperitoneal

70
Q

ureters pass ____ to psoas major

A

anterior

71
Q

ureters pass ____ to gonadal vessels

A

posterior to (bridge over water)

72
Q

ureters enter the pelvis by crossing ____ to the bifurcation of common iliac into internal and external

A

anterior (not bridge over water!)

73
Q

ureter is supplied by

A

renal, gonadal and vesical arteries

74
Q

ureter is innervated by

A

renal and hypogastric plexuses

75
Q

T5-T9, goes to celiac ganglia

A

greater splanchnic nerve

76
Q

axons modulate the enteric system of the foregut, adrenal medulla

A

greater splanchnic nerve

77
Q

T10-T11, goes to aorticorenal ganglia

A

lesser splanchnic nerve

78
Q

axons innervate cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon (midgut)

A

lesser splanchnic nerve

79
Q

T12, goes to inferior mesenteric ganglia

A

least splanchnic nerve

80
Q

all splanchnics pierce

A

crura of diaphragm

81
Q

splanchnic chain enters abdominal cavity by passing under

A

medial arcuate ligament (fascia over psoas major)

82
Q

Splanchnics synapse in ____, NOT sympathetic chain ganglia

A

prevertebral (preaortic) ganglia

83
Q

passes through preaortic, superior hypogastric, and hypogastric plexuses to reach viscera

A

lumbar splanchnics (L1-L5)

84
Q

provide parasympathetic innervation to pelvic viscera

A

vagus and pelvic splanchnic nerves

85
Q

where do vagal trunks pass into abdomen

A

esophageal hiatus

86
Q

pass through the hypogastric nerves and superior hypogastric plexus to reach conduit between the abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

pelvic nerves

87
Q

sensory nerve axons in abdomen piggyback with

A

autonomic axons

88
Q

sensory innervation in abdomen returning with vagus nerve mediates

A

reflexes

89
Q

sensory innervation in abdomen returning with pelvic splanchnic nerves mediates

A

pain and reflexes

90
Q

are located in the sensory ganglia of vagus nerve X and dorsal root ganglia from S2-S4

A

sensory neurons

91
Q

only contain postsynaptic sympathetic neurons and are named according to the closest artery

A

prevertebral ganglia

92
Q

largest of the prevertebral ganglia

A

celiac ganglia: look for it on the practical!

93
Q

presynaptic sypathetic axons in L3-L5 lumbar splanchnics must

A

descend in sympathetic chain from L1-2

94
Q

greater splanchnics (T5-T9) piggyback

A

Celiac trunk and SMA

95
Q

lesser splanchnics (T10-11) piggyback

A

SMA and renal artery

96
Q

least splanchnics (T1) piggyback

A

IMA

97
Q

lumbar splanchnics (L1-5) piggyback

A

IMA

98
Q

presynaptic parasympathetic neurons to viscera have cell bodies in vagal nuclei in medulla or

A

in spinal cord from S2 to S4

99
Q

parasympathetic axons from vagal trunk piggyback on

A

celiac trunk and SMA

100
Q

parasympathetic axons from pelvic splanchnic nerves piggyback on

A

IMA

101
Q

no peristalsis in aganglionic segment of gut leads to megacolon

A

Hirshprung’s disease

102
Q

if it piggybacks on the branches of celiac trunk, it innervates

A

stomach, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, spleen, pancreas, proximal duodenum

103
Q

if it piggybacks oin the SMA, it innervates

A

distal duodenum, pancreas, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending and promximal transverse colon

104
Q

if it piggybacks on the IMA, it innervates

A

distal transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, proximal rectum

105
Q

all neurons mediating pain are in the ____ ganglia

A

dorsal root

106
Q

attaches to transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and tendon to lesser trochanter of femur

A

psoas major

107
Q

attaches to T12 and L1 and pubic bone

A

psoas minor

108
Q

attaches to 12th rib, tips of lumbar transverse processes and iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest

A

quadratus lumborum

109
Q

attaches to 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, CT deep to inguinal ligament, and linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest and pectin pubis

A

transversus abdominus

110
Q

muscle innervated by lumbar plexus (anterior branches of L2-L4)

A

psoas major

111
Q

muscle innervated by anterior ramus of L1

A

psoas minor

112
Q

muscle innervated by anterior branches of T12 and L1-4

A

quadratus lumborum

113
Q

muscle innervated by thoracoabdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11) and first lumbar nerve

A

transversus abdominus

114
Q

flex thigh, flex vertebral colum laterally, flexes trunk

A

psoas major

115
Q

weak flexor of vertebrae

A

psoas minor

116
Q

extends and laterally flexes vertebral column, fixes 12th rib during inspiration

A

quadratus lumborum

117
Q

compresses and supports abdominal viscera

A

tranversus abdominis

118
Q

parts of the diaphragm are named by their bony attachments, which are

A

sternal, lumbar, costal

119
Q

all muscular parts of the diaphragm are also connected to

A

central tendon

120
Q

blood supply to the diaphragm

A

superior phrenic arteries from thoracic aorta, musculophrenic and pericardiophrenic from internal thoracic arteries

121
Q

diaphragm innervated by

A

C3,4,5

122
Q

which part of diaphragm includes the crura and two free edges called ligaments

A

lumbar diaphragm

123
Q

extend inferiorly and attach to lumbar vertebrae

A

right and left crura

124
Q

overlies the psoas major

A

medial arcuate ligament

125
Q

overlies the quadratus lumborum

A

lateral acruate ligament

126
Q

opening in diaphragm within central tendon at T8

A

caval opening

127
Q

what passes through caval opening?

A

IVC (vena cava=8 letters=T8)

128
Q

opening in right crus of diaphragm, usually at T10

A

esophageal hiatus

129
Q

what passes through esophageal hiatus?

A

esophagus, anterior and posterior vagal trunks, esophageal branches of left gastric vessels (vagal trunk = 10 letters = T10)

130
Q

opening posterior to diaphragm between right and left crura, usually at T 12

A

aortic hiatus

131
Q

what passes through the aortic hiatus?

A

aorta, thoracic duct, possibly azygous or hemiazygous vein. (aortic hiatus = 12 letters= T12)

132
Q

follow the branches of the celiac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, not veins, back to aorta

A

lymphatic vessels draining abdominal viscera

133
Q

lymphatic vessels from abdominal viscera drain into ____ before thoracic duct

A

cisterna chyli

134
Q

Thin-walled sac at inferior end of thoracic duct, anterior to the bodies of L1 and L2, between right crus and aorta

A

cisterna chyli

135
Q

superior mesenteric artery and vein are ____ to horizontal duodenum

A

anterior

Anatomy III (7 decks)

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