Blackcloud Body Wall and Thorax p.18-40 Flashcards
drains lung tissue and visceral pleura into the bronchopulmonary (hilar) lymph nodes
superficial lymphatic plexus
drains structures that form the root of the lung into the pulmonary lymph nodes along the lobar bronchi
deep lymphatic plexus
where is the superficial plexus located?
deep to the visceral pleura
where is the deep lymphatic plexus loacted?
in the submucosa of the bronchi and connective tissue
path of lymph from bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
s. and i. Tracheobronchial lymph nodes, to bronchomediastinal lymph trunks and out the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct (left)
negative pressure in pleural cavity and surface tension between pleural levels causes
inhalation
diaphragm moves one vertebral level in
quiet respiration
diaphragm moves two levels in
full respiration
lesion to phrenic n. causes paralysis of dome you’d notice in
inspiration, not exhalation
why do the lungs enlarge, instead of the pleural cavity
surface tension of fluid between pleural layers causing them to stick together
muscles in deep inspiration or controlled exhalation
quadratus lumborum, intercostals, scalenes, serratus posterior superior, SCM
muscles in deep expiration
serratus posteior inferior, internal and innermost intercostals, transversus thoracis
anything that compromises the negative pressure in the pleural cavity, which can cause the lung to collapse.
pneumothorax
contents of posterior mediastinum
esophagus, esophageal plexus, descending aorta, thoracic duct
esophagus is ____ and to the ____ of the descending aorta
anterior, to the right
azygous system is ____ to the esophagus and ascending aorta
posterior
greater splanchnic nerve runs ____ from the sympathetic chain toward the posterior mediastinum, and ____ toward the diaphragm
anteriorly, inferiorly
blood supply to cervical esophagus
inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk)
blood supply to thoracic esophagus
branches from descending thoracic aorta
blood supply to abdominal esophagus
left gastric artery
azygous system drains into
SVC
paired branches of descending aorta in order
bronchial arteries, mediastinal arteries, esophageal arteries, pericardial arteries, superior phrenic
emerge from the intervertebral foramina of thoracic vertebra and run in the intercostal space just inferior to a rib
intercostal nerves
carries lymph from lower body, left upper limb, left thorax, left head and neck
thoracic duct
thoracic duct is ____ the azygous vein and descending aorta, ____ the esophagus
between, posterior to
lymphatic drainage of the anterior intercostal spaces goes to
parasternal lymph nodes that drain to the subclavian veins
lymphatic drainage of the posterior intercostal spaces goes to
intercostal lymph nodes that drain to the thoracic duct
the thoracic duct drains into the venous system at the intersection of
the subclavian and internal jugular veins
Do the lungs break through the mesothelial lining of the pleural cavity?
No
Are the lungs within the pleural cavity?
No
narrowing aorta (defect in 10%) occurs in the region of
the ductus arteriosis
narrowing aorta causes what to appear in radiograph
notched ribs, from enlarged internal thoracic artery
dermatomes are ___ than nerve outlets.
lower
thickening at the edges of the cusps of the semilunar valves, which add stability
lunule
what contains chemoreceptors to detect low O2 and respond with increased heart rate and respiration
the carotid body
GSE innervation to heart?
there is none. No skeletal muscle
atelectasis
when obstruction prevents air from reaching a part of the lung
muscles that bend trunk to same side
external and internal obliques
muscles that rotate trunk to same side
transversus abdominis
muscles that flex trunk
rectus abdominis
linea alba
where the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis meet in the midline raphe
rectus sheath above belly button
external oblique apo is anterior to rectus, transversus apo is posterior to rectus, internal oblique splits to go on both sides of rectus
rectus sheath below belly button
all three muscles’ apos pass anterior to the rectus.
blood supply to anterolateral abdominal wall
segmental lumbar arteries (from aorta) superior epigastric muscles (from internal thoracic), inferior epigastric (from external iliac)
superior abdominal wall drains to
axillary or parasternal vessels
posterior abdominal wall drains to
femoral region
anterior abdominal wall veins drain
to IVC or ascending lumbar veins (from azygous system)
left ascending lumbar vein becomes hemiazygous when
it passes through the diaphragm
deep lymph: upper anterior abdominal wall
parasternal lymph nodes that drain to the subclavian veins
deep lymph: inferior abdominal wall
deep inguinal lymph nodes
lymphatics returning with lumbar veins drain into
lymphatic trunks on either side of the IVC
fatty portion of superficial fascia inferior to umbilicus
Camper’s fascia
underlying membranous layer of superficial fascia inferior to umbilicus, used for stapling in surgery
Scarpa’s fascia
in midline, contains remnant of allantois, the embryoninc tube that connected urinary bladder to umbilicus
Median umbilical fold
on either side of median umbilical fold, contains umbilical arteries.
Medial umbilical folds
formed by underlying inferior epigastric artery and vein travelling laterally to umbilicus
Lateral umbilical folds
connects diaphragmatic surface of liver to anterior abdomenal wall, divides liver into left and right lobes
falciform ligament
where small intestine begins
pyloric sphincter
right hypochondriac compartment contains
liver, gallbladder
epigastric compartment contains
stomach, pancreas, duodenum
left hypochondriac compartment contains
spleen, left colic flexure
right lumbar compartment contains
right kidney, right ureter, ascending colon
umbilical compartment contains
loops of small intestine, aorta, IVC
left lumbar compartment contains
left kidney, left ureter, descending colon
right iliac compartment contains
cecum, appendix
hypogastric compartment contains
coils of small intestine, bladder, uterus
left iliac compartment contains
sigmoid colon
foregut derivatives are
liver, stomach, pancreas
foregut derivatives are mostly superior to
the subcostal plane (L2)
within the abdominal cavity, a potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum
peritoneal cavity
which organs are in the peritoneal cavity?
none of them
what is the peritoneal cavity good for?
allows free movement of abdominal viscera, minimizes friction, resists infection
space bound by abdominal wall, diaphragm and pelvis
abdominal cavity
abdominal cavity is intraperitoneal because
it is lined with peritoneum
omentum
double layered fold of peritoneum connecting the stomach with other organs
lesser omentum
connects visceral surface of liver to stomach and duodenum
lesser omentum is made up of
gastrohepatic and hepatoduodenal ligaments
greater omentum
runs along greater curve of stomach, covers small and large intestines. 4 layers of peritoneum
greater omentum is made up of
gastrocolic, gastrosplenic, gastrophrenic ligaments
what three things are primarily retroperitoneal?
kidneys, aorta, IVC
mesentary starts in the ____ plane, moves to the ____ plane
sagittal, coronal
closed space posterior to stomach, can only be entered via omental foramen, surrounds posterior liver
lesser sac/omental bursa
give off branches along lesser curve of stomach, anastomose with eachother
right and left gastric artery
supply greater curve of stomach, anastomose with each other
right and left gastro-omental arteries
supply body and tail of pancreas and spleen
splenic arteries
supply head of pancreas and duodenum
superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
connects liver to superior duodenum
hepatoduodenal ligment
hepatoduodenal ligment contains
hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, and common bile duct (portal triad) and hepatic nerve plexus
connects liver to stomach, contains right and left gastric arteries
gastrohepatic ligament (lesser curve)
right and left gastric veins drain to
hepatic portal vein
short gastric veins and left gastro-omental veins drain to
splenic vein
splenic vein joins superior mesenteric vein to form
hepatic portal vein
right gastro-omnetal vein drains into
superior mesenteric vein
folds of mucose inside stomach
rugae
level of esophageal hiatus
T10
level of pylorus
L1
remnant of ventral mesentary attaching liver to anterior abdomical wall
falciform ligament
separates the left and caudate lobes
gastrohepatic ligament
runs in free ende of falciform ligament, is obliterated umbilical vein
round ligament
