Anatomy 3 Michigan

Question 1

lies against the lateral surface of the arch of the aorta

Answer 1

left vagus nerve

Question 2

an especially important nerve from the vagus which loops around the aortic arch

Answer 2

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 3

lateral to the vagus nerves and are not looping near the aortic arch

Answer 3

left and right phrenic nerves

Question 4

If you take a very deep breath, the lingula of the left lung, which is formed by the cardiac notch, will tend to expand into

Answer 4

the costomediastinal recess

Question 5

The tubercle of a rib is a projection located posteroinferior and lateral to the neck of the rib. It articulates with

Answer 5

the transverse process of the vertebrae with the same number

Question 6

the part of the plural cavity which extends above the level of the 1st rib into the root of the neck

Answer 6

cupola

Question 7

the point where the visceral pleura of the lung reflects to become continuous with the parietal pleura

Answer 7

hilar reflection

Question 8

a double layer of pleura extending from the inferior end of the hilar reflection downward to the diaphragm. So, it is a structure that would block you from moving your finger posteriorly at the root of a lung

Answer 8

pulmonary ligament

Question 9

During ____, the tricuspid and mitral valves are closed.

Answer 9

systole (ventricules push blood out)

Question 10

During ____, the pulmonary and aorta valves are closed

Answer 10

diastole (ventricles fill with blood)

Question 11

The most important source of blood to the interventricular septum is the

Answer 11

anterior interventricular artery, a branch of the left coronary artery (affects conducting system)

Question 12

Traumatic, acceleration/deceleration injuries to the aorta usually occur where its mobile and fixed portions meet. This would be at the:

Answer 12

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 13

if the azygos vein became dilated, it could impinge on the

Answer 13

thoracic duct

Question 14

Elevated systolic blood pressure in the right ventricle suggests stenosis of which valve

Answer 14

pulmonary! (consider what valve is distal to site of high pressure)

Question 15

just to the left of the xiphisternal junction

Answer 15

safest place for pericardiocentesis

Question 16

a tongue-like projection of the left lung below the cardiac notch, is right next to the costomediastinal recess

Answer 16

lingula

Question 17

a surgeon accidentally cuts the first aortic intercostal arteries. Which of the following structures might be deprived of its main source of blood supply?

Answer 17

right bronchus?!

Question 18

most likely place for aspirations to collect in the lungs

Answer 18

Superior segment–inferior lobe

Question 19

horizontal fissure separates

Answer 19

the upper lobe from the middle lobe (right side only)

Question 20

aneurysm of ascending aorta or thymus would impinge on

Answer 20

left brachiocephalic vein

Question 21

Sympathetic fibers in the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve arise from neuron cell bodies found in the:

Answer 21

spinal chord

Question 22

Afferent fibers would not have their cell bodies located in the lateral horn–afferent sensory fibers have cell bodies in

Answer 22

dorsal root ganglia

Question 23

The sympathetic nerves to the heart, aorta, lungs, and bronchi are carried in the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses. These fibers are not found in

Answer 23

spinal nerves

Question 24

In the mid thorax, the aorta, thoracic duct, and azygos vein are all ____ to the esophagus. (They are in that order, from left to right.)

Answer 24

posterior (Don’t touch asses)

Question 25

 carry presynaptic sympathetic fibers to the sympathetic trunk. When a presynaptic nerve fiber reaches the sympathetic chain, there are three things that can happen. First, the nerve fibers can enter a ganglia, synapse at that level, and rejoin the spinal nerve via the grey rami communicantes. Second, the preganglionic nerve fibers can travel up and down the trunk, synapse in a ganglia at another level, and then rejoin a spinal nerve. This is how sympathetic fibers join spinal nerves at the cervical and lumbar levels, which are above and below the lateral horn. Third, some preganglionic fibers do not synapse in the trunk and, instead, form splanchnic nerves. These nerves descend into the abdomen and synapse in other ganglia.

Answer 25

white ramus communicantes

Question 26

 contains preganglionic fibers that are destined to synapse in the celiac plexus. 

Answer 26

greater thoracic splanchnic

Question 27

the left superior intercostal vein, which normally drains into the: 

Answer 27

left brachiocephalic vein, not azygous

Question 28

 lie on the anterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies, medial to the sympathetic trunk, which is lying on the heads of the ribs.

Answer 28

thoracic splanchnic nerves

Question 29

the blood vessel immediately behind the right main bronchus

Answer 29

azygous vein

Question 30

The inferior border of the rectus sheath posteriorly is called the

Answer 30

arcuate line

Question 31

a bony process that would be felt lateral to the edge of the spermatic cord at the superficial inguinal ring.

Answer 31

pubic tubercle

Question 32

provides sensory innervation to the skin of the lower abdominal wall, upper hip and upper thigh.

Answer 32

iliohypogastric nerve

Question 33

provides sensory innervation to the skin of the anterior scrotum or labia majora and upper medial thigh

Answer 33

genitofemoral nerve

Question 34

 below the arcuate line there is no longer a posterior layer of the ____, and the inner surface of the rectus abdominis is lined only with ____.

Answer 34

rectus sheath, transversalis fascia

Question 35

 found in the preperitoneal fat of the abdomen. They lie just superficial to the peritoneum and form the lateral umbilical fold. Indirect hernias are laternal to there, direct are medial.

Answer 35

inferior epigastric arteries.

Question 36

internal thoracic and inferior epigastric arteries supply blood to this muscle

Answer 36

rectus abdominus

Question 37

The medial inguinal fossa is the space on the inner abdominal wall between the medial umbilical fold and the lateral umbilical fold. This is the place in the abdominal wall where there is an area of weak fascia called the inguinal triangle--direct inguinal hernias can break through this space

Answer 37

The medial inguinal fossa

Question 38

a space lateral to the lateral umbilical fold--indirect inguinal hernias push through the deep inguinal ring in this space.

Answer 38

lateral inguinal fossa

Question 39

one would find the inferior epigastric vessels between which layers of the abdominal wall

Answer 39

transversus abdominis and peritoneum

Question 40

 the position of the deep inguinal ring

Answer 40

midpoint of inguinal ligament

Question 41

nerve involved in scrotal pain

Answer 41

ilioinguinal (weakness leading to hernias can be linked to this nerve)

Question 42

defined medially by the lateral border of rectus abdominus, inferiorly by the inguinal ligament, and superiorly by the inferior epigastric arter

Answer 42

inguinal triangle (arcuate line is not a boundary!)

Question 43

do not run in tandem. ____ is part of the portal venous system--it drains into the splenic vein which drains into the hepatic portal vein. ____ is a branch off the descending aorta at the level of the L3 vertebral body. However, they supply/drain the same region: the descending and sigmoid colon and the rectum

Answer 43

inferior mesenteric vein, inferior mesenteric artery

Question 44

surgical location of the appendix

Answer 44

the confluence of the teniae coli

Question 45

When the stomach rotates, the ventral border becomes

Answer 45

lesser curvture

Question 46

can be lined by the mucosa of the stomach and ulcerate. Or, it can be lined with ectopic pancreatic tissue.

Answer 46

meckel's diverticulm

Question 47

 the most distal branch of the superior mesenteric artery and the most proximal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 47

the middle colic (from the SMA) and the left colic (from the IMA).

Question 48

 a branch of the common hepatic artery; it descends behind the first part of the duodenum

Answer 48

gastroduodenal artery

Question 49

could tear if there was too much traction while pulling the descending colon away from the body wall.

Answer 49

spleen

Question 50

If the posterior wall of the stomach eroded, gastric juices could damage the

Answer 50

splenic artery

Question 51

a passageway between the greater peritoneal sac and the lesser peritoneal sac. It is located posterior to the hepatoduodenal ligament and the first part of the duodenum. The caudate lobe of the liver forms the posterior wall of the epiploic foramen

Answer 51

omental foramen

Question 52

a nerve lying in the upper portion of the hepatogastric ligament

Answer 52

Hepatic branch of the anterior vagal trunk

Question 53

The fundus of the stomach receives its arterial supply from the

Answer 53

splenic artery

Question 54

If the gastroduodenal artery and its branches were ligated, blood would flow in a retrograde direction from the

Answer 54

left gastroepiploic artery, which is a branch of the splenic artery, to the right gastroepiploic artery, a ligated branch of the gastroduodenal artery

Question 55

lies immeadiately posterior to omental foramen

Answer 55

IVC

Question 56

 identify the structures that make the line that separates the true/functional lobes of the liver

Answer 56

gallbladder fossa and inferior vena cava

Question 57

the nutcracker-like compression of the bowel between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta is most likely to affect

Answer 57

duodenum, 3rd part

Question 58

part of duodenum with a thin wall and no circular folds

Answer 58

superior part, where ampullas are

Question 59

These veins are large, so a bypass between them could be useful for relieving the portal hypertension.

Answer 59

splenic vein to left renal vein

Question 60

 the walls become thicker, and circular folds develop

Answer 60

second part of duodenum

Question 61

 usually empties into the splenic vein. The splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein then unite to form the portal vein

Answer 61

inferior mesenteric vein, inferior mesenteric artery

Question 62

 the right suprarenal gland is partly overlain anteriorly  by

Answer 62

IVC

Question 63

The left inferior phrenic vein, left suprarenal vein, and left ovarian/testicular vein all drain into the

Answer 63

left renal vein

Question 64

The lesser thoracic splanchnic nerves are not part of the ____--these nerves synapse in the aorticorenal ganglia and contribute to the renal plexus.

Answer 64

celiac ganglia

Question 65

Even though the ____ does not synapse in the celiac ganglia, it passes through the ganglia and contributes to the celiac plexus

Answer 65

vagus nerve

Question 66

Cells that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine are innervated by preganglionic fibers from

Answer 66

greater splanchnic nerve

Question 67

is found in the central tendon of the diaphragm

Answer 67

caval opening

Question 68

 is formed by the median arcuate ligament, which unites the two crura of the diaphragm

Answer 68

aortic hiatus

Question 69

is formed entirely by the fibers of the right crus

Answer 69

esophageal hiatus

Question 70

passes through the central tendon of the diaphragm, near the vena caval foramen

Answer 70

right phrenic nerve

Question 71

The nerves that end on the secretory cells of the medulla of the suprarenal glands are principally

Answer 71

Preganglionic fibers from the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve

Question 72

is directly innervated by preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve

Answer 72

adrenal medulla

Question 73

renal fascia is continuous with

Answer 73

inferior, toward pelvis (direction of ureters)

Question 74

lost sensation to the skin of her anterior thigh and cannot extend her knee

Answer 74

femoral nerve lesion

Question 75

damaged by a stab wound into the ischiorectal (ischioanal) fossa 2 cm lateral to the anal canal

Answer 75

pudendal nerve

Question 76

what is ligated to sterilize a male?

Answer 76

vas deferens

Question 77

the structure that joins the apex of the fetal bladder to the umbilicus. After birth, it becomes the median umbilical ligamen

Answer 77

urachus

Question 78

a reflection of the peritoneum between the rectum and the bladder. It can only be found in males because females have the uterus sitting between the rectum and the bladder

Answer 78

reticovesicular pouch

Question 79

does duct of seminal vesicle conduct spermatozoa

Answer 79

nope

Question 80

travels through the prostate and opens into the prostatic urethra

Answer 80

ejaculatory duct

Question 81

 the two ducts that join to make the ejaculatory duct. They both lie on the posterior surface of the bladder

Answer 81

duct of seminal vesicle, and ductus deferens

Question 82

Since the uterus is folded over the bladder, the rectouterine pouch can extend to a _____ level than the vesicouterine pouch

Answer 82

slightly lower

Question 83

has anterior, posterior, lateral, and middle lobes

Answer 83

prostate

Question 84

specializations of the circular layer of musculature that are designed to support fecal mass

Answer 84

transverse rectal folds

Question 85

 an expanded part of the lower rectum that stores feces

Answer 85

ampulla, contains transverse rectal folds

Question 86

prostate enlargement causes ___ to constrict urination

Answer 86

uvula of bladder

Question 87

 an incision made through the posterior fornix of the vagina will allow a surgeon to enter the

Answer 87

rectouterine pouch (useful in ectopic pregnancy)

Question 88

 the part of broad ligament that supports the uterine tube

Answer 88

mesosalphinx

Question 89

is the part of broad ligament that forms a shelf-like fold supporting the ovary

Answer 89

mesovarium

Question 90

does femoral nerve enter true pelvis

Answer 90

nah

Question 91

the part of the broad ligament of the uterus that attaches the body of the uterus to the pelvic wall.

Answer 91

mesometrium

Question 92

The ureters pass through the base of the ____ as they travel to reach the bladder

Answer 92

mesometrium

Question 93

The external iliac vein lies ____ to the external iliac artery 

Answer 93

medial

Question 94

muscle to strengthen for urinary continence

Answer 94

puborectalis

Question 95

The sacral splanchnic nerves do not come out of the sacral nerve roots--instead, these nerves come from the

Answer 95

sacral sympathetic ganglia

Question 96

The arcus tendineus levator ani is a thickening of fascia of the

Answer 96

obturator internus

Question 97

not near the perineum--it is more important as a landmark that creates the greater and lesser sciatic foramina which helps to organize the structures exiting the pelvis

Answer 97

sacrospinus ligament

Question 98

The vestibular bulbs/bulb of the corpus spongiosum are firmly attached to the

Answer 98

perineal membrane

Question 99

When performing a median episiotomy, a cut is made immediately posterior to the vagina, through the perineal body. If this cut went too far, the physician might cut through 

Answer 99

external anal sphincter or rectum

Question 100

The bulbospongiosus muscle, ischiocavernosus muscle, and sphincter urethrae are ____ to the area that is cut during an episiotomy

Answer 100

anterior

Question 101

 the inferior rectal vein is a tributary of the

Answer 101

internal pudendal vein

Question 102

Lymphatic spread of labia majora infection would most likely enlarge which nodes?

Answer 102

superficial inguinal