Anatomy 3 Michigan Flashcards
lies against the lateral surface of the arch of the aorta
left vagus nerve
an especially important nerve from the vagus which loops around the aortic arch
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
lateral to the vagus nerves and are not looping near the aortic arch
left and right phrenic nerves
If you take a very deep breath, the lingula of the left lung, which is formed by the cardiac notch, will tend to expand into
the costomediastinal recess
The tubercle of a rib is a projection located posteroinferior and lateral to the neck of the rib. It articulates with
the transverse process of the vertebrae with the same number
the part of the plural cavity which extends above the level of the 1st rib into the root of the neck
cupola
the point where the visceral pleura of the lung reflects to become continuous with the parietal pleura
hilar reflection
a double layer of pleura extending from the inferior end of the hilar reflection downward to the diaphragm. So, it is a structure that would block you from moving your finger posteriorly at the root of a lung
pulmonary ligament
During ____, the tricuspid and mitral valves are closed.
systole (ventricules push blood out)
During ____, the pulmonary and aorta valves are closed
diastole (ventricles fill with blood)
The most important source of blood to the interventricular septum is the
anterior interventricular artery, a branch of the left coronary artery (affects conducting system)
Traumatic, acceleration/deceleration injuries to the aorta usually occur where its mobile and fixed portions meet. This would be at the:
ligamentum arteriosum
if the azygos vein became dilated, it could impinge on the
thoracic duct
Elevated systolic blood pressure in the right ventricle suggests stenosis of which valve
pulmonary! (consider what valve is distal to site of high pressure)
just to the left of the xiphisternal junction
safest place for pericardiocentesis
a tongue-like projection of the left lung below the cardiac notch, is right next to the costomediastinal recess
lingula
a surgeon accidentally cuts the first aortic intercostal arteries. Which of the following structures might be deprived of its main source of blood supply?
right bronchus?!
most likely place for aspirations to collect in the lungs
Superior segment–inferior lobe
horizontal fissure separates
the upper lobe from the middle lobe (right side only)
aneurysm of ascending aorta or thymus would impinge on
left brachiocephalic vein
Sympathetic fibers in the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve arise from neuron cell bodies found in the:
spinal chord
Afferent fibers would not have their cell bodies located in the lateral horn–afferent sensory fibers have cell bodies in
dorsal root ganglia
The sympathetic nerves to the heart, aorta, lungs, and bronchi are carried in the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses. These fibers are not found in
spinal nerves
In the mid thorax, the aorta, thoracic duct, and azygos vein are all ____ to the esophagus. (They are in that order, from left to right.)
posterior (Don’t touch asses)
carry presynaptic sympathetic fibers to the sympathetic trunk. When a presynaptic nerve fiber reaches the sympathetic chain, there are three things that can happen. First, the nerve fibers can enter a ganglia, synapse at that level, and rejoin the spinal nerve via the grey rami communicantes. Second, the preganglionic nerve fibers can travel up and down the trunk, synapse in a ganglia at another level, and then rejoin a spinal nerve. This is how sympathetic fibers join spinal nerves at the cervical and lumbar levels, which are above and below the lateral horn. Third, some preganglionic fibers do not synapse in the trunk and, instead, form splanchnic nerves. These nerves descend into the abdomen and synapse in other ganglia.
white ramus communicantes
contains preganglionic fibers that are destined to synapse in the celiac plexus.
greater thoracic splanchnic
the left superior intercostal vein, which normally drains into the:
left brachiocephalic vein, not azygous
lie on the anterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies, medial to the sympathetic trunk, which is lying on the heads of the ribs.
thoracic splanchnic nerves
the blood vessel immediately behind the right main bronchus
azygous vein
The inferior border of the rectus sheath posteriorly is called the
arcuate line
a bony process that would be felt lateral to the edge of the spermatic cord at the superficial inguinal ring.
pubic tubercle
provides sensory innervation to the skin of the lower abdominal wall, upper hip and upper thigh.
iliohypogastric nerve
provides sensory innervation to the skin of the anterior scrotum or labia majora and upper medial thigh
genitofemoral nerve
below the arcuate line there is no longer a posterior layer of the ____, and the inner surface of the rectus abdominis is lined only with ____.
rectus sheath, transversalis fascia
found in the preperitoneal fat of the abdomen. They lie just superficial to the peritoneum and form the lateral umbilical fold. Indirect hernias are laternal to there, direct are medial.
inferior epigastric arteries.
internal thoracic and inferior epigastric arteries supply blood to this muscle
rectus abdominus
The medial inguinal fossa is the space on the inner abdominal wall between the medial umbilical fold and the lateral umbilical fold. This is the place in the abdominal wall where there is an area of weak fascia called the inguinal triangle–direct inguinal hernias can break through this space
The medial inguinal fossa
a space lateral to the lateral umbilical fold–indirect inguinal hernias push through the deep inguinal ring in this space.
lateral inguinal fossa
one would find the inferior epigastric vessels between which layers of the abdominal wall
transversus abdominis and peritoneum
the position of the deep inguinal ring
midpoint of inguinal ligament
nerve involved in scrotal pain
ilioinguinal (weakness leading to hernias can be linked to this nerve)
defined medially by the lateral border of rectus abdominus, inferiorly by the inguinal ligament, and superiorly by the inferior epigastric arter
inguinal triangle (arcuate line is not a boundary!)
do not run in tandem. ____ is part of the portal venous system–it drains into the splenic vein which drains into the hepatic portal vein. ____ is a branch off the descending aorta at the level of the L3 vertebral body. However, they supply/drain the same region: the descending and sigmoid colon and the rectum
inferior mesenteric vein, inferior mesenteric artery
surgical location of the appendix
the confluence of the teniae coli
When the stomach rotates, the ventral border becomes
lesser curvture
can be lined by the mucosa of the stomach and ulcerate. Or, it can be lined with ectopic pancreatic tissue.
meckel’s diverticulm
the most distal branch of the superior mesenteric artery and the most proximal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery
the middle colic (from the SMA) and the left colic (from the IMA).
a branch of the common hepatic artery; it descends behind the first part of the duodenum
gastroduodenal artery
could tear if there was too much traction while pulling the descending colon away from the body wall.
spleen
If the posterior wall of the stomach eroded, gastric juices could damage the
splenic artery
a passageway between the greater peritoneal sac and the lesser peritoneal sac. It is located posterior to the hepatoduodenal ligament and the first part of the duodenum. The caudate lobe of the liver forms the posterior wall of the epiploic foramen
omental foramen
a nerve lying in the upper portion of the hepatogastric ligament
Hepatic branch of the anterior vagal trunk
The fundus of the stomach receives its arterial supply from the
splenic artery
If the gastroduodenal artery and its branches were ligated, blood would flow in a retrograde direction from the
left gastroepiploic artery, which is a branch of the splenic artery, to the right gastroepiploic artery, a ligated branch of the gastroduodenal artery
lies immeadiately posterior to omental foramen
IVC
identify the structures that make the line that separates the true/functional lobes of the liver
gallbladder fossa and inferior vena cava
the nutcracker-like compression of the bowel between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta is most likely to affect
duodenum, 3rd part
part of duodenum with a thin wall and no circular folds
superior part, where ampullas are
These veins are large, so a bypass between them could be useful for relieving the portal hypertension.
splenic vein to left renal vein
the walls become thicker, and circular folds develop
second part of duodenum
usually empties into the splenic vein. The splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein then unite to form the portal vein
inferior mesenteric vein, inferior mesenteric artery
the right suprarenal gland is partly overlain anteriorly by
IVC
The left inferior phrenic vein, left suprarenal vein, and left ovarian/testicular vein all drain into the
left renal vein
The lesser thoracic splanchnic nerves are not part of the ____–these nerves synapse in the aorticorenal ganglia and contribute to the renal plexus.
celiac ganglia
Even though the ____ does not synapse in the celiac ganglia, it passes through the ganglia and contributes to the celiac plexus
vagus nerve
Cells that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine are innervated by preganglionic fibers from
greater splanchnic nerve
is found in the central tendon of the diaphragm
caval opening
is formed by the median arcuate ligament, which unites the two crura of the diaphragm
aortic hiatus
is formed entirely by the fibers of the right crus
esophageal hiatus
passes through the central tendon of the diaphragm, near the vena caval foramen
right phrenic nerve
The nerves that end on the secretory cells of the medulla of the suprarenal glands are principally
Preganglionic fibers from the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve
is directly innervated by preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve
adrenal medulla
renal fascia is continuous with
inferior, toward pelvis (direction of ureters)
lost sensation to the skin of her anterior thigh and cannot extend her knee
femoral nerve lesion
damaged by a stab wound into the ischiorectal (ischioanal) fossa 2 cm lateral to the anal canal
pudendal nerve
what is ligated to sterilize a male?
vas deferens
the structure that joins the apex of the fetal bladder to the umbilicus. After birth, it becomes the median umbilical ligamen
urachus
a reflection of the peritoneum between the rectum and the bladder. It can only be found in males because females have the uterus sitting between the rectum and the bladder
reticovesicular pouch
does duct of seminal vesicle conduct spermatozoa
nope
travels through the prostate and opens into the prostatic urethra
ejaculatory duct
the two ducts that join to make the ejaculatory duct. They both lie on the posterior surface of the bladder
duct of seminal vesicle, and ductus deferens
Since the uterus is folded over the bladder, the rectouterine pouch can extend to a _____ level than the vesicouterine pouch
slightly lower
has anterior, posterior, lateral, and middle lobes
prostate
specializations of the circular layer of musculature that are designed to support fecal mass
transverse rectal folds
an expanded part of the lower rectum that stores feces
ampulla, contains transverse rectal folds
prostate enlargement causes ___ to constrict urination
uvula of bladder
an incision made through the posterior fornix of the vagina will allow a surgeon to enter the
rectouterine pouch (useful in ectopic pregnancy)
the part of broad ligament that supports the uterine tube
mesosalphinx
is the part of broad ligament that forms a shelf-like fold supporting the ovary
mesovarium
does femoral nerve enter true pelvis
nah
the part of the broad ligament of the uterus that attaches the body of the uterus to the pelvic wall.
mesometrium
The ureters pass through the base of the ____ as they travel to reach the bladder
mesometrium
The external iliac vein lies ____ to the external iliac artery
medial
muscle to strengthen for urinary continence
puborectalis
The sacral splanchnic nerves do not come out of the sacral nerve roots–instead, these nerves come from the
sacral sympathetic ganglia
The arcus tendineus levator ani is a thickening of fascia of the
obturator internus
not near the perineum–it is more important as a landmark that creates the greater and lesser sciatic foramina which helps to organize the structures exiting the pelvis
sacrospinus ligament
The vestibular bulbs/bulb of the corpus spongiosum are firmly attached to the
perineal membrane
When performing a median episiotomy, a cut is made immediately posterior to the vagina, through the perineal body. If this cut went too far, the physician might cut through
external anal sphincter or rectum
The bulbospongiosus muscle, ischiocavernosus muscle, and sphincter urethrae are ____ to the area that is cut during an episiotomy
anterior
the inferior rectal vein is a tributary of the
internal pudendal vein
Lymphatic spread of labia majora infection would most likely enlarge which nodes?
superficial inguinal
