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Anatomy III > Blackcloud Body Wall and Thorax p.1-18 > Flashcards

Blackcloud Body Wall and Thorax p.1-18 Flashcards

1
Q

most superficial thoracic wall muscle

A

external intercostal m.

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2
Q

deeper thoracic wall muscles, fiber perpedicular to external intercostal

A

internal thoracic muscles

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3
Q

internal to intercostal, attached t osternum and inner surface of ribs

A

tranversus thoracis

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4
Q

intercostal vessels from superior to inferior

A

intercostal vein, artery, nerve

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5
Q

anterior intercostal arteries are ____ than posterior intercostal arteries

A

much smaller

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6
Q

posterior intercostal arteries arise from

A

descending aorta (most superior, from branches of the subclavian)

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7
Q

posterior intercostal arteries anastomose with

A

anterior intercostals, duh

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8
Q

intercostal nerves are (come from)

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves 1 t o11

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9
Q

First 6 instercostal nerves run

A

within an intercostal space

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10
Q

intercostal ribs 7-11

A

being intercostally, run along anterior abdominal body wall

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11
Q

branches of internal thoracic artery

A

musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries

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12
Q

fluid, blood or pus can safely be removed from

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

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13
Q

where to insert needle to reach costodiaphragmatic space

A

near middle of 9th intercostal space

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14
Q

blood supply and innervation of visceral layer is same as

A

the organ

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15
Q

blood supply and innervation of parietal layer is same as

A

adjacent body wall

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16
Q

parietal pericardium is innervated by

A

phrenic nerve

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17
Q

parietal pericardium receives blood from which two branches of the internal thoracic artery, and what else?

A

pericardiophrenic artery, musculophrenic artery, descending thoracic aorta

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18
Q

parietal pleura is innervated by

A

phrenic nerve & intercostal nerves

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19
Q

parietal pleura receives blood from

A

intercostal arteries

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20
Q

parietal pericardium cannot be separated from

A

the diaphragm

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21
Q

visceral pericardium cannot be separated from

A

the heart

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22
Q

the place between the two pleural cavities is called

A

the mediastinum

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23
Q

mediastinum superior border

A

superior thoracic aperture, an imaginary line from T1 to superior borer of manubrium

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24
Q

mediastinum inferior border

A

diaphragm

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25
Q

mediastinum posterior border

A

vertebral column

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26
Q

mediastinum anterior border

A

sternum

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27
Q

superior mediastinum

A

thoracic inlet to T4-5

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28
Q

anterior mediastinum

A

sternum to pericardium

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29
Q

middle mediastinum

A

space occupied by heart

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30
Q

posterior mediastinum

A

back of pericardium to T4-12

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31
Q

brachiocephalic veins drain

A

upper limbs, head and neck

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32
Q

upper half of superior vena cava drains

A

from upper half of body to right atrium

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33
Q

arch of the azygous vein drains

A

from posterior walls of thorax and abdomen into superior vena cava

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34
Q

ventral rami of C3,4,5

A

phrenic nerve

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35
Q

phrenic nerve innervates

A

diaphragm, parietal pericardium, mediastinal parietal pleura

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36
Q

phrenic nerve and pericardiophrenic vessels pass ____ the root of the lung

A

in front of

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37
Q

vagus nerve passes ____ the root of the lung

A

behind

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38
Q

passes posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum to reach the trachea

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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39
Q

the vagus nerve provides

A

parasympathetic innervation to thoracic viscera

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40
Q

the vagus nerve breaks up into _____ before branching into _______

A

esophageal plexus, left vagus nerve (becomes anterior vagal trunk) and right vagus nerve (becomes posterior vagal trunk)

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41
Q

the fibrous pericardium, what is it good for?

A

continuous with central tendon of diaphragm, protects the heart from sudden overfilling and anchors it to the wall

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42
Q

the two layers of the serous pericardium are called what?

A

parietal layer, visceral layer

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43
Q

what runs posterior to the pulmonary trunk and aorta, anterior to superior vena cava?

A

transverse pericardial sinus

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44
Q

where do the arterial and venous ends of the developing heart meet?

A

transverse pericardial sinus

45
Q

what is underneath the heart, up to a superior border of parietal and visceral pericardium?

A

oblique pericardial sinus

46
Q

what facilitates clamping the aorta and pulmonary trunk during cardiac surgery?

A

transverse pericardial sinus

47
Q

right coronary artery runs in which sulcus?

A

coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus

48
Q

anterior interventricular artery runs in which sulcus?

A

anterior interventricular sulcus

49
Q

what runs in the posterior intraventricular sulcus?

A

posterior interventricular artery

50
Q

where does the posterior interventricular artery branch from?

A

right coronary artery (70%) or anterior interventricular artery (30%)

51
Q

what vein runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus and coronary sulcus and becomes the coronary sinus?

A

great cardiac vein

52
Q

where does the coronary sinus enter the heart?

A

right atrium

53
Q

what vein runs in the posterior interventricular sinus and drains into the coronary sinus?

A

middle cardiac vein

54
Q

anterior cardiac vein drains directly into

A

right atrium

55
Q

a branch of the right coronary artery at or near the intersection of the coronal and posterior interventricular sulci

A

antrioventricular nodal artery

56
Q

arterial blockages of right coronary artery are of primary concern in:

A

Right-dominant hearts (15% of population, right coronary continues in atrioventriuclar sulcus past the interventricular sulcus

57
Q

In left-dominant hearts, ____ gives rise to posterior interventricular artery

A

circumflex branch of left coronary

58
Q

patent foramen ovale found in

A

right atrium, 20% of population

59
Q

what opens into right atrium

A

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus

60
Q

pectinate muscle in right atrium attach to

A

crista terminalis

61
Q

near tricuspid valve, right ventricle raises into ridges called

A

trabeculae carneae

62
Q

Cone-shaped entrance to pulmonary trunk is found in the _____ and called ____

A

right ventricle, conus arteriosis

63
Q

most of the diaphragmatic surface of the heart is formed by the

A

left ventricle

64
Q

trabeculae carneae are found

A

in both ventricles

65
Q

four pulmonary veins run into

A

left atrium

66
Q

valve between right atrium and right ventricle

A

tricuspid (anterior, septal, posterior)

67
Q

cusps are anchored to ____ by ____

A

papilllary muscles (extensions of trabeculae carneae), tendinous cords

68
Q

valve between left atrium and left ventrical

A

mitral valve

69
Q

contraction of papillary muscles

A

prevents them from prolapsing. Valve opening and closing is passive

70
Q

what are the two semilunar valves

A

pulmonary and aortic

71
Q

aortic valve has

A

right, left, and posterior cusps

72
Q

pulmonary valve has

A

right, left and anterior cusps

73
Q

ventricles relax and fill

A

diastole. mitral and tricuspid valves are open

74
Q

ventricles contract and empty

A

systole. Aortic and pulmonary valves are open

75
Q

the heart receives sympathetic innervation from

A

splanchnic nerves from sympathetic chain at cervical level and T1-T4

76
Q

pass through ventral roots, spinal nerve, and white ramus communicantes from T1-T4

A

presynaptic sympathetic axons (to heart)

77
Q

travel in cervical and upper thoracic splanchnic nerves passing through cardiac plexus to reach heart

A

Postsynaptic sympathetic axons (to heart)

78
Q

the only time that sympathetics dilate

A

coronary artery vasodilation

79
Q

heart receives parasympathetic innervation from

A

vagus nerve

80
Q

located within vagal nuclei in the brainstem

A

presynaptic parasympathetic neuronal bodies (to heart)

81
Q

synapse in tiny ganglions within cardiac plexus or within walls of the atria

A

presynaptic parasympathetic neuronal bodies (to heart)

82
Q

parasympathetic action in heart

A

vasoconstriction of coronal arteries, decreased heart rate and force of contraction

83
Q

GA for reflexes return with

A

vagus nerve

84
Q

GA for pain return with

A

cervical and/or upper thoracic splanchic, through sympathetic ganglia and white ramus comminicantes to reach spinal nerves and dorsal roots

85
Q

blockages in coronary arteries cause

A

myocardial ischemia, due to insufficient anastomoses

86
Q

sensory innervation in heart sensitive to

A

oxygen changes, but not temperature or cutting

87
Q

what is responsible for initiating and coordinating heartbeat?

A

sinuatrial and atrioventricular nodes

88
Q

which node is faster (pacemaker)?

A

Sinuatrial node

89
Q

series of fibrous rings surrounding atrioventricular and semilunar valves

A

cardiac skeleton

90
Q

role of cardiac skeleton

A

stabilizes valves, serves as an attachment site for cardiac muscle fibers, electrically isolates atria from ventricles

91
Q

ridge of cartilage in the midline of the bifurcation between the primary bronchii

A

carina

92
Q

brnaches of the aorta, supply oxygenated blood to lungs and visceral pleura

A

bronchial arteries

93
Q

tributaries of azygous system, drain blood form structures within or close to root of lung

A

bronchial veins

94
Q

right bronchial vein drains into

A

azygous vein

95
Q

left bronchial vein drains into

A

accessory hemiazygous vein

96
Q

pulmonary arteries contain

A

deoxygentaed blood

97
Q

pulmonary veins contain

A

oxygenated blood

98
Q

pulmonary arteries are initially ____ pulmonary veins, then ____ as they enter the lungs

A

superior to, posterior to

99
Q

which pulmonary artery is longer?

A

right

100
Q

the bronchii are ____ to the pulmonary arteries and veins in the root of the lung

A

posterior to

101
Q

sympathetic innervation to lungs: presynaptic

A

neurons loacted T1-T4, through white ramus communicantes, synapse in upper thoracic sympathetic chain ganglia from T1-T4

102
Q

sympathetic innervation to lungs: postsynaptic

A

travel in upper thoracic splanchnic nerves through pulmonary plexus to lungs

103
Q

symapthetic innervation to lungs: action

A

inhibit bronchial glands, inhibit smooth muscle, cause vasoconstriction of vasculature,

104
Q

parasympathetic innervation to lungs: presynaptic

A

from vagal nuclei in brainstem, through sensory ganglion of vagus nerve, to pulmonary plexus, synapsing on tiny ganglia.

105
Q

parasympathetic innervation to lungs: postsynaptic

A

from pulmonary plexus to lungs

106
Q

parasympathetic to lungs: action

A

secretomotor to bronchial glands, motor to smooth muscle in bronchial walls, vasodilation of pulmonary vasculature

107
Q

GA for lung reflexes returns with

A

vagus, with cells located in sensory ganglion of vagus nerve.

108
Q

pain axons in lung?

A

nope.

109
Q

pain axons in parietal pleura?

A

yes: somatic intercostal and phrenic nerves

Anatomy III (7 decks)

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