Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ACLAM Boards Prep > Birds > Flashcards

Birds Flashcards

1
Q

Class for birds

A

Class: Aves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Domestic chicken genus species

A

Gallus domesticus

White leghorn most common research chicken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What chicken is model of vitiligo

A

Smyth Line (SL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which chicken is model of Herpesvirus-Induced Atherosclerosis?

A

White Leghorn

Induced by Marek’s disease herpesvirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which chicken is a model of scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)?

A

White Leghorn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which chicken is a model of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis? What two rodents?

A

Spontaneous, hereditary autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) of Obese Strain (OS) Chicken

Buffalo rat and Multimammate Rats (Mastomys)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What chicken is a model for Hereditary Muscular Dystrophy? What is inheritance pattern?

A

New Hampshire chicken

Autosomal recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the chicken alternative to the Draize eye irritation test in rabbits? What else can it be used for?

A

Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) test

Implantation studies (immunologically privileged)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Genus species of Japanese quail

A

Coturnix japonica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Coturnix japonica use in research

A

Model for embryogenesis

Birth defects, hypercholesterolemia and xanthomatosis, glycogen storage disease

Pompe’s dz (myotonic dystrophy)

Neurofilament-deficient mutant (“Quiver”)

Quail hypothalamic systems exhibit neuroplasticity – responsive to testosterone

Cloacal gland is androgen responsive, similar to the prostate

Osteoporosis model, as female birds use bones are mineral reservoir for egg production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acceptable euthanasia for poultry

A

Barbiturates and Barburative Acid Derivatives (IV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acceptable with conditions euthanasia for poultry

A

CO2 (most common)
CO (at least 6%)
N2 or Ar
Cervical dislocation (but turkeys and broiler breeds too large)
Decapitation
Manual blunt force trauma
Electrocution
Gunshot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adjunctive euthanasia methods for poultry

A

KCl or magnesium sulfate (IV or IC, must be unconscious)

Exsanguination (must be unconscious)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Euthanasia for embryonated eggs of poultry

A

CO2 (20 min, may require 80-90%)
Cooling (4 hours at 40F)
Freezing
Addling
Maceration (less than 72 hours old)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acceptable euthanasia methods for avians (eg research)

A
  1. Barbiturates and BADs (IV preferred or intracoelomic; intracardiac or IO if unconscious)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acceptable with conditions for avians (e.g. research)

A
  1. Inhaled anesthetics
  2. CO2 (>40% for diving, 80-90% for pips and newly hatched)
  3. CO, N2, Ar
  4. Cervical dislocation (<200g, last resort)
  5. Decapitation (<200g)
  6. Gunshot (only if cannot restrain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adjunctive euthanasia methods for avians (eg research)

A
  1. KCl (IV or IC in unconscious)
  2. Exsanguination (unconscious)
  3. Thoracic compression (insentient)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Unacceptable euthanasia for avians (eg research)

A

Thoracic compression (if not deeply anesthetized/insentient)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Euthanasia avian eggs <80% vs >80% incubation

A

<80%
1. CO2 > 20 min
2. Cooling (4h at 4C) **
3. Freezing**
4. Addling

> 80%
1. CO2 > 20 min
2. Decapitation
3. Anesthetic overdose
4. Addling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which birds require gravel/grit in diet?

A

Those that eat whole seeds

Pigeon (Columba livia) and dove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is produced by male Japanese Quail after puberty?

A

Foam from the cloacal gland

Deposited during natural copulation can be retained by the female for more than 12h and contributes to prolonged sperm motility

Can also be due to presence of bacteria in cloacal gland

Can palpate cloacal gland and see this and know it is a male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What virus in Japanese quail causes large basophilic INIB
Necrotizing proliferative bronchitis; and hepatic, splenic, and cloacal bursa necrosis

A

Quail Bronchitis Virus (QBV, type 1 avian adenovirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

3 most common viruses in Japanese quail

A

quail bronchitis virus/QBV (Adenoviridae), Newcastle virus (Paramyxoviridae),
and Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis (Genus Alphavirus, Togaviridae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is EEE spread to Japanese Quail?

A

mosquito,
Culisetta melanura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What causes the fatal disease Ulcerative enteritis ‘quail disease’? What tissues other than GI are affected? How to dx?

A

Clostridium colinum

Liver/spleen

Dx: Fresh liver culture on tryptose agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Japanese quail can be infected by which two serovars of Salmonella enterica

A

pullorum
disease (Salmonella pullorum) and fowl typhoid
(Salmonella gallinarum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What family contains Japanese quail?

A

Phasianidae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What family contains zebra finch?

A

Estrildidae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Zebra finch use in research

A

Neurobiology - similar striatal and pallidal cell types to mammalian brain

Songbird vocal learning of human speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is special about zebra finch digits?

A

Feet are anisodactylous: 3 digits pointing forward, one back

31
Q

Do birds generally have more lymphocytes or granulocytes?

A

Lymphocytes

(main granulocyte = heterophil)

32
Q

What species of Mycobacteria affects psittacines/passerine birds vs other birds

A

M. avium MC agent in birds with mycobacteriosis, in psittacines/passerines actually M genavense MC

33
Q

Ddx coelomic distention female zebra finch

A

Egg-binding (if see yellow, yolk coelomitis –> euthanize)

Ovarian tumor

34
Q

Ddx zebra finch periocular swelling, SQ nodules

A

Polyomavirus

35
Q

Mites in zebra finches

A

Dermanyssus gallinae, Ornithonyssus sylviarum are blood sucking mites

Skin mites: Backericheyla and Neochyletiella

SCALY mite: Knemidocoptes pilae (beak and feet)

Air sac mite: Sternostoma tracheacolum

Feather mite: Megninialges sp.

36
Q

T/F In captivity, C. japonica and C. coturnix (European common quail) will interbreed and produce fertile hybrids.

37
Q

Incubation time for chickens vs quail

A

Quail devo faster than chickens (16 vs 21 days)

38
Q

How to sex C. japonica? And at what age do they exhibit sexual dimorphism/reach sexual maturity?

A

Females larger

6-8 weeks

39
Q

C. japonica and G. domesticus have a diploid number of ___ chromosomes.

40
Q

What is used to isolate DNA from C. japonica? What is used to screen for phenotype?

A

chorioallantoic membrane (CAM)

observe hatchlings for feather color or developmental abnormalities

41
Q

For C. japonica what are 3 tissues/cells to use to determine transgene expression using fluorescent microscopy?

A

Fluorscent microscopy using: 1) Feather blood cells, 2) shell (eggshell) membrane cells or 3) CAM (chorioallantoic membrane)

42
Q

High/low temp is concern for shipping quail eggs. Upon arrival store at ___C. Embryonic death occurs at temps less than ___C.

A

High temp can compromise fertility

Store at 13C (~55F) with open tray of water for humidity.

4C (maybe bc water freezes?)

43
Q

What is in order
Galliformes?

A

chicken, turkeys, quail

44
Q

What is in order Anseriformes?

A

ducks, geese, swans

45
Q

What is in order Columbiformes?

A

Pigeons, doves

46
Q

What is in order Psittaformes?

47
Q

What is in order Passiformes?

A

crows, sparrows, finches

48
Q

What is the optimum temperature for egg production?

49
Q

Ddx for air sacculitis?

A

Mycoplasma, Pasteurella, E. coli, Hemophilus

50
Q

You note increase mortality in chickens ranging from 14-16wks old. Wet gangrenous lesion can be seen in the skin of the wings and legs. What are the most likely primary and secondary agents involved respectively?

A

Infectious Bursal disease (Birnaviridae; causes immunosuppression); S. aureus & C. septicum (cause of malignant edema in ruminants)

51
Q

Gallapova meleagridis with Cutaneous Infarction and Vascular Congestion (appears purple)

A

(Turkey)

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

52
Q

What is the most appropriate combination of floor space and environmental temperature to house Japanese quail?

A

0.25 ft2/animal; 23°C (22-25)

53
Q

How is housing different for quail and zebra finches?

A

Quail are ground-dwelling - do not need elevated perches like zebra finches

54
Q

What is dubbing in chickens?

A

Partial removal of comb

55
Q

Where not to inject euthanasia solution in birds?

A

Air sacs, humerus, and femur - will drown them

56
Q

Which avian species WILL NOT eat in low light or darkness, thus requiring a restriction on these time periods due to welfare concerns?

A

Gallus domesticus (chicken)

57
Q

What lesion is observed in the chicken eye with Marek’s disease (alphaherpesvirus)?

A

Turns gray; pupil becomes irregularly shaped

58
Q

Use of heat lamp within an enclosure housing chickens (Gallus domesticus) may induce a fatal toxicosis due to severe adverse effects to which body system?

A

Respiratory (TEFLON aka polytetrafluoroethylene!)

See pulmonary hemorrhage

59
Q

According to the Guide what is recommended dry bulb temperature for poultry?

A

16-27 C

61-81 F

(same for farm animals and poultry)

60
Q

Production of polyclonal IgY antibodies in what species is an alternative to polyclonal IgG antibody production in rabbits?

A

Gallus domesticus (chicken)

61
Q

According to Ag Guide what is recommended temp for hatchlings and piglets?

A

Piglets: 79-90F

Hatchlings: 90-95F

62
Q

Chickens w/ sinusitis and conjunctivitis. Nx shows larynx/trachea inflamed, hemorrhagic, caseous cores. INIB in epithelium. Main ddx?

A

Infectious laryngotracheitis (gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 (GaHV-1))
= alphaherpesvirinae

63
Q

Because they readily engage in reproductive behavior in the laboratory, which bird has served as a valuable model for the study of neuroendocrine control of reproductive and social behaviors?

A

Japanese quail

64
Q

What type of antibodies are produced in people with hypersensitivity pneumonitis to bird serum or droppings?

A

IgG

It’s type III sensitivity! Antibody-antigen complexes

65
Q

What pathogen can be transmitted through ova of Heterakis gallinarum (cecal roundworm) or through earthworms containing Heterakis larva?

A

Histomonas meleagridis (the protozoan)

66
Q

What infections cause cause cheesy cecal cores?

A

Pullorum disease (Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biotype Pullorum)

Blackhead disease (Histomonas meleagridis)

Fowl typhoid (Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biotype Gallinarum)

67
Q

What causes necrotic enteritis in chickens?

A

intestinal overgrowth of Clostridium perfringens Type A and C in young broilers and sometimes laying hens

68
Q

Nutritional deficiency in ___ or ___ causes limb deformities.

A

Deficiency of manganese or choline

69
Q

What endotracheal tube is used in birds?

70
Q

What infection causes Yellow or white caseous lesions in the mouth, throat, or crop?

A

Trichomonas

71
Q

How to treat Cochlosoma (protozoa) in zebra finches?

A

Ronidazole

72
Q

If treating C. bovis in NSG mice, what is antibiotic of choice?

A

Clavamox x 14 days

73
Q

What is the male-to-female ratio for achieving optimal fertility in battery cage-housed Coturnix japonica?

A

1 male to 3 females

74
Q

According to the AVMA Guidelines for Euthanasia of Animals (2020 edition), which of the following species shows little or no aversion to inert gases?

ACLAM Boards Prep (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions